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Ancillary benefits of reduced air pollution in the US from moderate greenhouse gas mitigation policies in the electricity sector 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Dallas Burtraw Alan Krupnick Karen Palmer Anthony Paul Michael Toman Cary Bloyd 《Journal of Environmental Economics and Management》2003,45(3):650
Actions to slow atmospheric accumulation of greenhouse gases also would reduce conventional air pollutants yielding “ancillary” benefits that tend to accrue locally and in the near-term. Using a detailed electricity model linked to an integrated assessment framework to value changes in human health, we find a tax of $25 per metric ton of carbon emissions would yield NOx-related health benefits of about $8 per metric ton of carbon reduced in the year 2010 (1997 dollars). Additional savings of $4–$7 accrue from reduced investment in NOx and SO2 abatement in order to comply with emission caps. Total ancillary benefits of a $25 carbon tax are $12–$14, which appear to justify the costs of a $25 tax, although marginal benefits are less than marginal costs. At a tax of $75, greater total benefits are achieved but the value per ton of carbon reductions remains roughly constant at about $12. 相似文献
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Alan J Krupnick Wallace E Oates Eric Van De Verg 《Journal of Environmental Economics and Management》1983,10(3):233-247
After examining the properties of several alternative forms of marketable permit systems for the control of air pollution, this paper proposes a system of pollution offsets as the most promising approach. Under the pollution-offset scheme, sources of emissions are free to trade emissions permits subject to the constraint of no violations of the predetermined air-quality standard at any receptor point. The paper shows that the pollution-offset system has the capacity to achieve the predetermined standards of air quality at the minimum aggregate abatement cost, while making comparatively modest demands both on the sources and on the administering agency. 相似文献
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Winston Harrington Alan J. Krupnick 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(10):1061-1067
A CHESS data base from Chattanooga, Tennessee was thoroughly scrutinized and found to be of high enough quality to warrant epidemiological analysis. Using this data base, the relationship between NO2 ambient pollution levels and acute respiratory disease in children was examined. Although a statistically significant relationship was found, it was not monotonic. Indeed, over the range of pollution values experiences, more illness is associated with low pollution values than with high ones. A U-shaped relationship between illness and NO2 concentrations was found in several subpopulations in addition to the entire data set, although for some subpopulations no relationship was found. In contrast, higher ambient sulfate levels were found to have a positive effect on acute respiratory disease incidence in children over the entire period and for different subsamples, although this effect was not significant for either season analyzed separately. 相似文献
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Wiktor Adamowicz Diane DupontAlan Krupnick Jing Zhang 《Journal of Environmental Economics and Management》2011,61(2):213-226
We examine the value of health risk reductions (microbial illnesses/deaths and bladder cancer illnesses/deaths) in the context of drinking water quality treatment by public systems. When we assume that combined mortality and morbidity risk reductions are equally spread in the future; our results suggest that microbial risk-reduction programs have higher value than cancer risk-reduction programs, but that mortality risk reduction values are not significantly different for cancer and microbials. However, when a 25-year cancer latency is accounted for and a 5% discount rate is used, the value of cancer mortality risk reductions exceeds the value for microbial risk reductions. We also address a number of methodological issues, including performance of alternative choice experiment estimation (CE) techniques, relationship of CE to contingent valuation results, and implications for incorporating morbidity and mortality endpoints in the same survey instrument. 相似文献
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Mortality-risk Valuation and Age: Stated Preference Evidence 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
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