污染源普查数据质量评估方法研究

结合第一次全国污染源普查工作实际,给出普查数据质量评估指标,提出污染源普查数据质量评估内容。在此基础上,研究普查数据质量检验评估方法,确立普查数据质量评估体系,为计算机辅助污染源普查质量评估建立理论基础。     

Contrasting structure and composition of the understory in species-rich tropical rain forests

In large samples of trees > or = 1 cm dbh (more than 1 million trees and 3000 species), in six lowland tropical forests on three continents, we assigned species with >30 individuals to one of six classes of stature at maturity (SAM). We then compared the proportional representation of understory trees (1-2 cm dbh) among these classes. The understory of the three Asian sites was predominantly composed of the saplings of large-canopy trees whereas the African and American sites were more richly stocked with trees of the smaller SAM classes. Differences in class representation were related to taxonomic families that were present exclusively in one continent or another. Families found in the Asian plots but not in the American plot (e.g., Dipterocarpaceae, Fagaceae) were predominantly species of the largest SAM classes, whereas families exclusive to the American plots (e.g., Melastomataceae sensu stricto, Piperaceae, and Malvaceae [Bombacacoidea]) were predominantly species of small classes. The African plot was similar to Asia in the absence of those American families rich in understory species, while similar to America in lacking the Asian families rich in canopy species. The numerous understory species of Africa were chiefly derived from families shared with Asia and/or America. The ratio of saplings (1-2 cm dbh) to conspecific canopy trees (>40 cm dbh) was lower in American plots than in the Asian plots. Possible explanations for these differences include phenology, moisture and soil fertility regimes, phyletic constraints, and the role of early successional plants in forest development. These results demonstrate that tropical forests that appear similar in tree number, basal area, and the family taxonomy of canopy trees nonetheless differ in ecological structure in ways that may impact the ecology of pollinators, dispersers, and herbivores and might reflect fundamental differences in canopy tree regeneration.     

CeO_2/Fe_2O_3对高浓度苯酚废水微波诱导的氧化催化

对高浓度苯酚废水提出了用复合催化剂CeO2/Fe2O3进行微波诱导催化氧化的降解方法,并与单一催化剂Fe2O3的催化氧化效果进行了比较,对两者的表观反应动力学进行了分析,结果表明复合催化剂的催化效果比单一催化剂的催化效果高15%以上,其主要原因是CeO2/Fe2O3复合物具有很强的催化能力和较高的干电流变活性,有利于电子的迁移和羟基自由基·OH的形成,从而有利于苯酚的氧化降解。     

Diversity pattern and spatial scale: a study of a tropical rain forest of Malaysia

Scale is emerging as one of the critical problems in ecology because our perception of most ecological variables and processes depends upon the scale at which the variables are measured. A conclusion obtained at one scale may not be valid at another scale without sufficient knowledge of the scaling effect, which is also a source of misinterpretation for many ecological problems, such as the design of reserves in conservation biology.This paper attempts to study empirically how scaling may affect the spatial patterns of diversity (tree density, richness and Shannon diversity) that we may perceive in tropical forests, using as a test-case a 50 ha forest plot in Malaysia. The effect of scale on measurements of diversity patterns, the occurrence of rare species, the fractal dimension of diversity patterns, the spatial structure and the nearest-neighbour autocorrelation of diversity are addressed. The response of a variable to scale depends on the way it is measured and the way it is distributed in space.We conclude that, in general, the effect of scaling on measures of biological diversity is non-linear; heterogeneity increases with the size of the sampling units, and fine-scale information is lost at a broad scale. Our results should lead to a better understanding of how ecological variables and processes change over scale.     

德尔菲法在归纳主要环境问题中的应用

尝试用德尔菲法归纳建德市的主要环境问题,对15位专家的2轮咨询结果进行统计分析,筛选出15个指标组合成10个主要环境问题,较好地反映了建德市的环境污染现状和变化趋势。     

外加电流阴极保护用钛阳极

外加电流阴极方法是一种有效的保护金属不被腐蚀的方法,钛阳极是外加电流阴极保护中的重要部件.主要介绍了钛阳极的制备方法,给出了3种不同环境中钛阳极的强化寿命检测方法,对钛阳极和其他辅助阳极的性能进行了比较,钛阳极由于优异的物理、化学及电化学性能,目前已成为最有前途的外加电流阴极保护用辅助阳极材料.