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1.
Castello L Viana JP Watkins G Pinedo-Vasquez M Luzadis VA 《Environmental management》2009,43(2):197-209
Fishers and small-scale fisheries worldwide have been marginalized historically. Now it is clear that integrating fishers
in management processes is key to resource conservation, but it is less clear how to do it. Here, based on a literature review and new information, we present and analyze a case in which the participation
of fishers in the management process was crucial in recovering an overexploited small-scale fishery for the pirarucu (Arapaima spp.) in the Amazon Basin, Brazil. In 8 years of experimental management, from 1999 to 2006, the population of pirarucu increased
9-fold (from about 2200 to 20,650 individuals), harvest quotas increased 10-fold (from 120 to 1249 individuals), and fishers’
participation in the management process increased and they benefited from increased monetary returns. Additionally, the number
of communities conducting the management scheme increased from 4 in 1999 to 108 in 2006, following the demands of fishers
and regional government agencies. Based on our analysis, we suggest that the participation of fishers in the management of
other small-scale fisheries in the world can be improved by focusing on (1) applying the knowledge and skills of fishers in
resource monitoring and management, (2) bridging knowledge systems among all involved stakeholders, (3) collaborating with
fishers that are interested in, and capable of conducting, resource conservation schemes, and (4) conducting management under
conditions of uncertainty. 相似文献
2.
Ventura-Lima J Ramos PB Fattorini D Regoli F Ferraz L de Carvalho LM Monserrat JM 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2011,18(8):1270-1278
Introduction
This study aimed to analyze antioxidant responses and oxidative damage induced by two inorganic forms of arsenic (As; AsIII and AsV) in an estuarine polychaete species, Laeonereis acuta (Nereididae). The capacity of arsenic biotransformation was also evaluated through the methylation process considering the activity of a key enzyme involved in the metabolization process. 相似文献3.
After the prohibition of organochlorine-pesticide use in Brazil for controlling insect vector diseases, Mato Grosso State gathered the exceeding DDT and stored it irregularly in an open air area that belongs to the National Health Foundation, causing soil contamination. This study aimed to evaluate the contamination level and dissipation of p,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDE in this area. For that, surface soil samples were collected on 19 September 2000, 15 December 2000, 4 April 2001 and soil samples 30-40 cm; 60-70 cm and 90-100 cm deep were taken from five points in the studied area on 17 July 2001. The contaminants were determined by a small scale method which consists on extraction and clean-up steps combined into one step by transferring soil samples mixed with neutral alumina to a chromatographic column prepacked with neutral alumina and elution with hexane:dichloromethane (7:3 v:v). The eluate was concentrated and the analytes were quantified by gas chromatography with an electron-capture detector. p,p'-DDT at surface soil ranged from 3,800 to 7,300 mg kg(-1). 30-40 cm deep soil sample concentrations varied from 0.036 to 440 mg kg(-1) while 90-100 cm deep samples varied from 0.069 to 180 mg kg(-1). Volatilization is probably the main dissipation process. The p,p'-DDT is moving slowly downward in the soil profile, however, the levels of this contaminant are high enough to present risk to underground waters. 相似文献
4.
Euglena gracilis as a model for the study of Cu and Zn toxicity and accumulation in eukaryotic cells
Marcelo Einicker-Lamas Gustavo Antunes Mezian Thiago Benevides Fernandes Fabio Leandro S. Silva Flvio Guerra Kildare Miranda Marcia Attias Mecia M. Oliveira 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2002,120(3)
We have observed the effect of copper and zinc on the biology of Euglena gracilis. The cells displayed different sensitivities to these metals, as the apparent LC50 for Cu2+ was 0.22 mM, and for Zn2+ it was 0.88 mM. While Zn2+ was able to increase cell proliferation even at 0.1 mM, the minimal CuCl2 concentration tested (0.02 mM) was sufficient to impair cell division. Higher concentrations of these metals not only inhibited cell division in a concentration-dependent manner, but also interfered with the metabolism of E. gracilis. A higher accumulation of proteins and lipids per cell was observed at the DI50 concentration for metal-treated cells. These results suggest that the test concentration of both metals leads to a failure in completing cell division. Ultrastructural analysis indicated a chloroplast disorganization in copper-treated cells, as well as the presence of electron dense granules with different shapes and sizes inside vacuoles. Microanalysis of these granules indicated an accumulation of copper, thus suggesting a detoxification role played by the vacuoles. These results indicate that E. gracilis is an efficient biological model for the study of metal poisoning in eukaryotic cells. They also indicate that copper and zinc (copper being more poisonous) had an overall toxic effect on E. gracilis and that part of the effect can be ascribed to defects in the structure of chloroplast membranes. 相似文献
5.
Spinelli LF Schnaid F Selbach PA Bento FM Oliveira JR 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2005,55(4):421-429
This paper presents a study of the bioremediation of diesel oil and gasoline by a series of controlled laboratory tests. Sludge from an agroindustry was used to enhance bioremediation of both gasoline and diesel oil mixed with a soil mass to compare its efficiency with that of a mineral fertilizer. Effects of soil microbiology and soil mixtures were investigated by means of evolution of CO2, microorganism populations at 90 days, pH at 65 and 95 days, mineral nitrogen, and gas chromatographic analysis of the benzene, toluene, methyl tertiary butyl ether, C8, and C9+total aromatics at the end of the experiments. Treatments containing sludge showed better soil conditions after 170 days of treatment (inorganic nitrogen and microbiota activity) compared with gasoline and diesel oil without amendments. Samples had no detectable traces of the measured hydrocarbons at 170 days of treatment. 相似文献
6.
de Souza Celente Gleison Colares Gustavo Stolzenberg da Silva Araújo Priscila Machado Ênio Leandro Lobo Eduardo Alexis 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2020,27(10):10520-10527
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Water contamination by discharge of untreated or poorly treated wastewater into water bodies is a current issue that may cause harm to humans. Water... 相似文献
7.
Mohammad Goodarzi Erlinda V. Ortiz Leandro dos S. Coelho Pablo R. Duchowicz 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2010,44(26):3179-3186
This work aims to predict the air to water partitioning for 96 organic pesticides by means of the Quantitative Structure–Property Relationships Theory. After performing structural feature selection with Genetics Algorithms and Replacement Method linear approaches, it is found that among the most important molecular features appears the Moriguchi octanol–water partition coefficient, and higher lipophilicities would lead to compounds having higher Henry’s law constants. We also compare the statistical performance achieved by four fully-connected Feed-Forward Multilayer Perceptrons Artificial Neural Networks. The statistical results found reveal that the best performing model uses the Levenberg–Marquardt with Bayesian regularization (BR) weighting function for achieving the most accurate predictions. 相似文献
8.
Flávio Henrique Tincani Osório Luis Felipe Oliveira Silva Laercio Dante Stein Piancini Ana Carolina Barni Azevedo Samuel Liebel Flavia Yoshie Yamamoto Vivian Prá Philippi Marcos Leandro Silva Oliveira Claudia Feijó Ortolani-Machado Francisco Filipak Neto Marta Margarete Cestari Helena Cristina da Silva de Assis Ciro Alberto de Oliveira Ribeiro 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(15):9145-9160
The Tubarão River rises in Santa Catarina, Brazil, and has been historically affected by coal mining activities around its springhead. To evaluate its water conditions, an investigation regarding a possible decontamination gradient associated with the increased river flow toward the estuary, as well as the influence of seasonality over this gradient was performed through a series of biomarkers (vitellogenin, comet assay, lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, gluthatione, gluthatione S-transferase, acetylcholinesterase, light microscopy in liver, and scanning electron microscopy in gills) and chemical analysis (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in bile and metal analysis in sediment) in the cichlid Geophagus brasiliensis. Two collections (summer and winter) were made in four distinct sites along the river, while sediments were sampled between those seasons. As expected, the contamination linked exclusively to mining activities was not observed, possibly due to punctual inputs of contaminants. The decontamination gradient was not observed, although seasonality seemed to have a critical role in the responses of biomarkers and availability of contaminants. In the summer, the fish presented higher histopathological damages and lower concentrations of PAHs, while in the winter they showed both higher genetic damage and accumulation of PAHs. The Tubarão suffers impacts from diverse activities, representing health risks for wild and human populations. 相似文献
9.
Santos Luciane Cavalcante da Silva Anamália Ferreira dos Santos Lins Pollyanna Vanessa da Silva Duarte José Leandro Ide Alessandra Honjo Meili Lucas 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2020,27(6):5890-5900
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Mg-Fe layered double hydroxide intercalated with chloride (Mg-Fe-Cl LDH) was synthetized, characterized, and evaluated as adsorbent to remove nitrate... 相似文献
10.
Alberto Megías Antonio Maldonado Andrés Catena Leandro L. Di Stasi Jesús Serrano Antonio Cándido 《Safety Science》2011,49(10):1388-1393
In road safety literature the effects of emotional content and salience of advertising billboards have been scarcely investigated. The main aim of this work was to uncover how affect-laden roadside advertisements can affect attention – eye-movements – and subsequent risky decisions – braking – on the Honda Riding Trainer motorcycle simulator. Results indicated that the number of fixations and total fixation time elicited by the negative and positive emotional advertisements were larger than the neutral ones. At the same time, negative pictures got later gaze disengagement than positive and neutral ones. This attentional capture results in less eye fixation times on the road relevant region, where the important driving events happen. Finally, the negative emotional valence advertisements sped up braking on subsequent risky situations. Overall results demonstrated how advertisements with emotional content modulate attention allocation and driving decisions in risky situations and might be helpful for designing roadside advertisements regulations and risk prevention programs. 相似文献