佳木斯台形变观测对东北地区几次浅震“场兆”异常的探讨

大地震在主破裂前往往行成地壳变形,高应力作用下进入峰值后的变形阶段,反映到地倾斜观测日均值曲线上,表现为固体潮形变趋势异常,这些异常能否指示远距离的地震,近年来不少研究者发现,远场前兆往往出现在对应力、应变变化反应灵敏的特殊构造部位。佳木斯台可能处于这种特殊的构造部位,对东北地区浅源地震短期前兆异常“场兆”的趋势性变化具有一定的意义。     

Der Sauerstoffverbrauch von Anguilla vulgaris in seiner Abhängigkeit von Temperaturdifferenzen zwischen Kopfbereich und Rumpf

This paper is the result of an investigation into the regulation of oxygen intake in silver eels, Anguilla vulgaris L. Measurements of oxygen intake in intact and operated animals were taken both for gills and body skin. The temperatures of head and body could be varied independently from each other, so that the eels could be exposed to identical or differing head and body temperatures; the spinal cord of operated eels was either cut through just below the head or destroyed in the body region. In comparison with intact eels, oxygen intake of operated individuals shown no significant change due to the destruction of the central nervous system. In general, oxygen intake of the gills shifts noticeably after temperature changes of as little as 4°C, administered at the head region or the body; this shift appears first in the body skin after an 8°C-change in the body. Changes in head temperature produce no significant change in oxygen intake of the body skin. According to temperature measurements conducted by thermo-couples, a temperature change in the body is not transferred to the brain. It is assumed that eels are able to “measure” the oxygen tension of their venous blood on its way from the heart to the gills, and to use this information for regulating their oxygen intake.     

Origin of compartmentalization in food webs

The response of an ecosystem to perturbations is mediated by both antagonistic and facilitative interactions between species. It is thought that a community's resilience depends crucially on the food web--the network of trophic interactions--and on the food web's degree of compartmentalization. Despite its ecological importance, compartmentalization and the mechanisms that give rise to it remain poorly understood. Here we investigate several definitions of compartments, propose ways to understand the ecological meaning of these definitions, and quantify the degree of compartmentalization of empirical food webs. We find that the compartmentalization observed in empirical food webs can be accounted for solely by the niche organization of species and their diets. By uncovering connections between compartmentalization and species' diet contiguity, our findings help us understand which perturbations can result in fragmentation of the food web and which can lead to catastrophic effects. Additionally, we show that the composition of compartments can be used to address the long-standing question of what determines the ecological niche of a species.     

德国豪特尔·勒瑙洪泛区土地利用综合设想

“德国豪特尔·勒瑙洪泛区土地利用综合设想”是EC INTERRDⅡc项目IRMA的一部分。该项目旨在通过一种综合性的方法,即空间规划、水资源管理和灾害预防,来解决莱茵河上游沿岸高水位洪水泛滥问题。莱茵马列丁奈州环保局负责该项目的实施。项目的基本目标是改善现有防洪计划并减轻莱茵河流域日益严重的洪水危害。考虑到具体的实施问题,该项目突出体现了工程的特征：运用综合性跨学科学的方法,精心设计,以实现恢复洪泛平原的目标。与以往防洪计划与防洪过程不同的是,该项目进行土地利用规划,并采取了一系列的对策措施。其主要方法是通过设计多种土地利用备选方案来协调各种冲突。