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Maan Hayyan Mohd Ali Hashim Adeeb Hayyan Mohammed A. Al-Saadi Inas M. AlNashef Mohamed E.S. Mirghani Olorunnisola Kola Saheed 《Chemosphere》2013,90(7):2193-2195
In continuation of investigation for environmentally benign protocol for new solvents termed deep eutectic solvents (DESs), it is herein reported results concerning the toxicity and cytotoxicity of choline chloride (ChCl) based DESs with four hydrogen bond donors including glycerine, ethylene glycol, triethylene glycol and urea. The toxicity was investigated using two Gram positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus, and two Gram negative bacteria Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The cytotoxicity effect was tested using the Artemia salina leach. It was found that there was no toxic effect for the tested DESs on all of the studied bacteria confirming their benign effects on these bacteria. Nevertheless, it was found that the cytotoxicity of DESs was much higher than their individual components (e.g. glycerine, ChCl) indicating that their toxicological behavior is different. For our best knowledge this is the first time that toxicity and cytotoxicity of DESs were studied. The toxicity and cytotoxicity of DESs varied depending on the structure of components. Careful usage of the terms non-toxicity and biodegradability must be considered. More investigation on this matter is required. 相似文献
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Maan Hayyan Mohd Ali Hashim Mohammed A. Al-Saadi Adeeb Hayyan Inas M. AlNashef Mohamed E.S. Mirghani 《Chemosphere》2013
In this work, the cytotoxicity and toxicity of phosphonium-based deep eutectic solvents (DESs) with three hydrogen bond donors, namely glycerine, ethylene glycol, and triethylene glycol were investigated. The cytotoxicity effect was tested using brine shrimp (Artemia salina). The toxicity was investigated using the two Gram positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus, and two Gram negative bacteria Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The cytotoxicity of tested DESs was much higher than that of their individual components, indicating their toxicological behavior was different. It was also found that there was toxic effect on the studied bacteria, indicating their potential application as anti-bacterial agents. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time the cytotoxicity and toxicity of phosphonium-based DESs were studied. 相似文献
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Peter D. Dijkstra Ole Seehausen Boye L. A. Gricar Martine E. Maan Ton G. G. Groothuis 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2006,59(5):704-713
It has been suggested that sympatric speciation can be driven by sexual selection on male mating traits alone. However, a
fundamental problem for this process is the lack of ecological differentiation that would stabilize the coexistence of incipient
species through frequency-dependent selection. Such selection can also occur if male aggression is primarily directed towards
similar rather than towards dissimilar phenotypes, so that rare male phenotypes would enjoy a negatively frequency-dependent
fitness advantage. We experimentally tested such an aggression bias in two recently diverged, ecologically and anatomically
similar sympatric cichlid species pairs of the genus Pundamilia from Lake Victoria. Territorial males of a pair of partially reproductively isolated species with red and blue nuptial coloration,
respectively, studied in the laboratory were confronted simultaneously with both colour types enclosed in transparent tubes.
Red males were more aggressive to red stimuli under white light but not when colour differences were masked under green light.
Blue males were equally aggressive to both stimuli in both light conditions. Males of two apparently fully reproductively
isolated species, again one with red and one with blue nuptial coloration, studied in the field, both directed more aggressive
behaviour towards conspecific than towards heterospecific stimulus males. The differential allocation of aggression would
create an advantage for males of the less abundant phenotype or species, thereby potentially supporting stable coexistence
of the phenotypes. The finding that this effect was less clear in the partially reproductively isolated species pair than
in the fully isolated species pair is discussed. 相似文献
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Mondal Sanchit Jatrana Anushree Maan Sheetal Sharma Prachi 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2023,21(4):2171-2197
Environmental Chemistry Letters - The circular economy requires advanced methods to recycle biomass into value-added materials, such as lignin extraction and modification. Here, we review lignin... 相似文献
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