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2.
A. Betz S. Koritnig H. J. Oel A. Schneider E. Ackermann Hans Schaefer 《Die Naturwissenschaften》1955,42(18):518-520
3.
To ensure science better informs the decision-making process, researchers and policy/program managers need to understand and respect each other's way of working, culture and operational timelines. However, there is little practical guidance on how this should be done and even less documented experience with specific mechanisms that better link these two groups. The published literature on information transfer has largely emphasized the dissemination of standard packages of information to ill-defined constituencies whose needs for scientific information are not well understood. Environment Canada's National Water Research Institute, on behalf of the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment, led a series of “Linking Water Science to Policy Workshops” as one such mechanism by which recent science could be delivered to practitioners, and practitioners could identify their research needs to scientists and research managers. There is a pressing need to explore and share experiences using creative mechanisms for sustained dialogue and networking between scientists and policy and program managers. The lessons learned from the workshop series and the need for science to continually inform the decision-making process has particular relevance for Canada's Ecosystem Initiatives given their integrated, place-based focus on long-term restoration and protection, and the challenge of continually changing ecosystems.The Canadian Crown reserves the right to retain a non-exclusive, royalty free licence in and to any copyright. 相似文献
4.
Schaefer CE do Amaral EF de Mendonça BA Oliveira H Lani JL Costa LM Fernandes Filho EI 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2008,140(1-3):279-289
The relationships between soils attributes, soil carbon stocks and vegetation carbon stocks are poorly know in Amazonia, even
at regional scale. In this paper, we used the large and reliable soil database from Western Amazonia obtained from the RADAMBRASIL
project and recent estimates of vegetation biomass to investigate some environmental relationships, quantifying C stocks of
intact ecosystem in Western Amazonia. The results allowed separating the western Amazonia into 6 sectors, called pedo-zones:
Roraima, Rio Negro Basin, Tertiary Plateaux of the Amazon, Javari-Juruá-Purus lowland, Acre Basin and Rondonia uplands. The
highest C stock for the whole soil is observed in the Acre and in the Rio Negro sectors. In the former, this is due to the
high nutrient status and high clay activity, whereas in the latter, it is attributed to a downward carbon movement attributed
to widespread podzolization and arenization, forming spodic horizons. The youthful nature of shallow soils of the Javari-Juruá-Purus
lowlands, associated with high Al, results in a high phytomass C/soil C ratio. A similar trend was observed for the shallow
soils from the Roraima and Rondonia highlands. A consistent east–west decline in biomass carbon in the Rio Negro Basin sector
is associated with increasing rainfall and higher sand amounts. It is related to lesser C protection and greater C loss of
sandy soils, subjected to active chemical leaching and widespread podzolization. Also, these soils possess lower cation exchangeable
capacity and lower water retention capacity. Zones where deeply weathered Latosols dominate have a overall pattern of high
C sequestration, and greater than the shallower soils from the upper Amazon, west of Madeira and Negro rivers. This was attributed
to deeper incorporation of carbon in these clayey and highly pedo-bioturbated soils. The results highlight the urgent need
for refining soil data at an appropriate scale for C stocks calculations purposes in Amazonia. There is a risk of misinterpreting
C stocks in Amazonia when such great pedological variability is not taken into account. 相似文献
5.
Zhongyu Sun Hai Ren Val Schaefer Qinfeng Guo Jun Wang 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(12):8229-8247
A large area of plantations has been established worldwide and especially in China. Evaluating the restoration status of these plantations is essential for their long-term management. Based on our previous work, we used an ecological memory (EM) approach to evaluate four 26-year-old plantations that represent four common kinds of plantations in subtropical China, i.e., mixed broad-leaved plantation (MBP), mixed coniferous plantation (MCP), eucalyptus plantation (EP), and mixed legume plantation (MLP). Comparing them with the regional climax community, i.e., monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest (BF), all four plantations accumulated nearly the same pattern of EM during succession. EM was >50 % for soil minerals, light conditions, soil age, soil animals, and soil microbes. EM was about 25 % for soil pollen and 10 % for birds, soil seed bank, and plant species. The total EM value of the four plantations ranged from 50.96 to 52.54, which indicated that all four plantations were in the regional, natural trajectory of succession and between the early and medium successional stages. The results indicated that natural succession processes are unlikely to be accelerated by planting late-stage tree species without sufficient EM. The results also demonstrated that all four plantations were in positive successional trajectories, and the positive succession dynamics were greater in the MLP and MCP. We suggest that the entire natural succession trajectory be used to evaluate the restoration of a site and that the ultimate restoration target be divided into several milestones along the reference trajectory to monitor progress. Forest restoration may be accelerated by starting with a minimum dynamic unit supporting sufficient EM. 相似文献
6.
The communication of science to science users is evolving to an approach that translates knowledge to targeted audiences.
Under this evolution, knowledge brokers play an increasingly important role and users help ‘pull’ the required science to
meet a policy or management imperative. To do this effectively, more insight is required into the knowledge seeking behaviour
of science users and practitioners. The findings from a series of interviews that identify the science needs of Ontario’s
Conservation Authorities (CAs) are presented. Results indicate that emerging functions, such as source water protection and
integrated water resource planning, require more science input than mature functions. Senior CA officials view personal communication
with their knowledgeable staff as the most used, accessible, trustworthy, relevant, shared, and preferable source of science
information. While the internet and media were considered highly accessible, they were not viewed as trustworthy. We found
no relationship between CA size and science use. Further research is needed to identify where junior and intermediate CA staff
obtain their science knowledge from and whether this varies as a function of CA size. Our findings will be of interest to
both policy/program communities and science providers. 相似文献
7.
Jeffrey H. R. Goddard Maria C. Schaefer Craig Hoover Ángel Valdés 《Marine Biology》2013,160(6):1497-1510
Felimare californiensis (=Hypselodoris californiensis) was once common throughout the Southern California Bight (SCB) and California Channel Islands. This well-known shallow-water nudibranch, which specializes on dysideid sponges, has persisted for decades in Mexico, but in California disappeared from its entire range by 1984. Since reappearing in 2003, it has been found only at Santa Catalina Island, plus sightings of single individuals in 2011 at Santa Cruz Island and San Diego. The decline of F. californiensis in California was documented using published historical records, museum collections, unpublished field accounts, and images posted online. The loss of this emblematic species is unique among Californian nudibranchs, including (1) its congener Felimare porterae (=Mexichromis porterae), with which it appears to overlap in diet, and (2) opisthobranch species with similar historical geographic ranges and mode of development. The decline in F. californiensis is not predicted by warming trends and climate variation over the past 40 years, including the strong El Niño events of 1983 and 1998. Coastal pollution from the large human population in southern California may have impacted Dysidea amblia, the primary reported prey of F. californiensis. Historical overcollecting of the nudibranch and habitat loss through the development of major ports likely also contributed to its decline. Sightings since 2003 are consistent with a nascent recovery, as elements of water quality have improved in the SCB in recent decades. 相似文献
8.
9.
Maike Schaefer und Tanja Juffernholz 《Umweltwissenschaften und Schadstoff-Forschung》2004,16(1):69-70
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
10.
Jacob Schaefer 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2012,99(7):591-595
Metabolic scaling laws predict a variety of emergent properties of biological systems based on relationships among temperature, body size, and rates of physiological processes. These models have been criticized as being overly simplistic and not accounting for directional variability arising from evolutionary tradeoffs. I measured hatch success and egg development time at six temperatures for 12 populations throughout the latitudinal range of two broadly distributed topminnows (Fundulus). I asked if hatch success and development time differed between the species and northern and southern populations. Hatch success reaction norms suggested that the more broadly (and northern) distributed Fundulus notatus was more eurythermic with a lower optima and broader performance breadth than Fundulus olivaceus. Temperature explained most variability in mass-corrected development time. Development time differed between the species, but not northern and southern populations. Deviations from predictions of universal scaling laws were most pronounced away from specie's thermal optima. 相似文献