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1.
TiO2 nanotubes as solid-phase extraction adsorbent for the determination of
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in environmental water samples 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Bochra Bejaoui Kefi Latifa Latrous El Atrache Hafedh Kochkar Abdelhamid Ghorbel 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2011,23(5):860-867
An analytical method based on TiO2 nanotubes solid-phase extraction (SPE) combined with gas chromatography (GC) was
established for the analysis of seven polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs): acenaphtylene, acenaphthene, anthracene, fluorene,
phenanthrene, fluoranthene and pyrene. Factors a ecting the extraction e ciency including the eluent type and its volume, adsorbent
amount, sample volume, sample pH and sample flow rate were optimized. The characteristic data of analytical performance were
determined to investigate the sensitivity and precision of the method. Under the optimized extraction conditions, the method showed
good linearity in the range of 0.01–0.8 g/mL, repeatability of the extraction (RSD were between 6.7% and 13.5%, n = 5) and
satisfactory detection limits (0.017–0.059 ng/mL). The developed method was successfully applied to the analysis of surface water
(tap, river and dam) samples. The recoveries of PAHs spiked in environmental water samples ranged from 90% to 100%. All the results
indicated the potential application of titanate nanotubes as solid-phase extraction adsorbents to pre-treat water samples. 相似文献
2.
An improved trend vegetation analysis for non-stationary NDVI time series based on wavelet transform
Rhif Manel Ben Abbes Ali Martinez Beatriz Farah Imed Riadh 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(34):46603-46613
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The aim of this paper is to improve trend analysis for non-stationary Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) time series (TS) over different... 相似文献
3.
With the aim of improving effluent quality of waste stabilization ponds, different designs of vertical flow constructed wetlands and intermittent sand filters were tested on an experimental full-scale plant within the framework of a European project. The information extracted from this study was completed and updated with heuristic and bibliographic knowledge. The data and knowledge acquired were difficult to integrate into mathematical models because they involve qualitative information and expert reasoning. Therefore, it was decided to develop an environmental decision support system (EDSS-Filter-Design) as a tool to integrate mathematical models and knowledge-based techniques. This paper describes the development of this support tool, emphasizing the collection of data and knowledge and representation of this information by means of mathematical equations and a rule-based system. The developed support tool provides the main design characteristics of filters: (i) required surface, (ii) media type, and (iii) media depth. These design recommendations are based on wastewater characteristics, applied load, and required treatment level data provided by the user. The results of the EDSS-Filter-Design provide appropriate and useful information and guidelines on how to design filters, according to the expert criteria. The encapsulation of the information into a decision support system reduces the design period and provides a feasible, reasoned, and positively evaluated proposal. 相似文献
4.
We assessed the occurrence of a common river bird, the Plumbeous Redstart Rhyacornis fuliginosus, along 180 independent streams in the Indian and Nepali Himalaya. We then compared the performance of multiple discrimant analysis (MDA), logistic regression (LR) and artificial neural networks (ANN) in predicting this species’ presence or absence from 32 variables describing stream altitude, slope, habitat structure, chemistry and invertebrate abundance. Using the entire data (=training set) and a threshold for accepting presence in ANN and LR set to P≥0.5, ANN correctly classified marginally more cases (88%) than either LR (83%) or MDA (84%). Model performance was assessed from two methods of data partitioning. In a ‘leave-one-out’ approach, LR correctly predicted more cases (82%) than MDA (73%) or ANN (69%). However, in a holdout procedure, all the methods performed similarly (73–75%). All methods predicted true absence (i.e. specificity in holdout: 81–85%) better than true presence (i.e. sensitivity: 57–60%). These effects reflect species’ prevalence (=frequency of occurrence), but are seldom considered in distribution modelling. Despite occurring at only 36% of the sites, Plumbeous Redstarts are one of the most common Himalayan river birds, and problems will be greater with less common species. Both LR and ANN require an arbitrary threshold probability (often P=0.5) at which to accept species presence from model prediction. Simulations involving varied prevalence revealed that LR was particularly sensitive to threshold effects. ROC plots (received operating characteristic) were therefore used to compare model performance on test data at a range of thresholds; LR always outperformed ANN. This case study supports the need to test species’ distribution models with independent data, and to use a range of criteria in assessing model performance. ANN do not yet have major advantages over conventional multivariate methods for assessing bird distributions. LR and MDA were both more efficient in the use of computer time than ANN, and also more straightforward in providing testable hypotheses about environmental effects on occurrence. However, LR was apparently subject to chance significant effects from explanatory variables, emphasising the well-known risks of models based purely on correlative data. 相似文献
5.
Esther Llorens Joaquim Comas Eugènia Martí Joan Lluís Riera Francesc Sabater Manel Poch 《Ecological modelling》2009
The nutrient enrichment of rivers and its consequences are among the most severe water quality problems in Europe, causing eutrophication and other problems. The decision-making processes involved in the management of these problems require extensive human expertise from people who deal directly with day-to-day stream problems, as well as empirical knowledge based on scientific research. This means that eutrophication is a complex problem, the optimal management of which requires an integrated and multidisciplinary approach. This approach can be taken using a Knowledge-Based System (KBS) built upon the concepts and methods of human reasoning. Accordingly, a KBS was developed within the STREAMES project. In this KBS most of the knowledge needed for managing eutrophication problems was organised and structured in the form of a decision tree (DT). The methodology specially developed to build this KBS, as well as the internal structure of the eutrophication decision tree, is presented here. The good DT obtained led to consider the KBS a suitable tool to support the management of eutrophication. 相似文献
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Wafa Kharroubi Madiha Dhibi Manel Mekni Zohra Haouas Imed Chreif Fadoua Neffati Mohamed Hammami Rachid Sakly 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(20):12040-12049
Six groups of rats (n?=?10 per group) were exposed to 1 and 10 mg/l of sodium arsenate for 45 and 90 days. Kidneys from treated groups exposed to arsenic showed higher levels of trans isomers of oleic and linoleic acids as trans C181n-9, trans C18:1n-11, and trans C18:2n-6 isomers. However, a significant decrease in eicosenoic (C20:1n-9) and arachidonic (C20:4n-6) acids were observed in treated rats. Moreover, the “Δ5 desaturase index” and the saturated/polyunsaturated fatty acids ratio were increased. There was a significant increase in the level of malondialdehyde at 10 mg/l of treatment and in the amount of conjugated dienes after 90 days (p?0.05). Significant kidney damage was observed at 10 mg/l by increase of plasma marker enzymes. Histological studies on the ultrastructure changes of kidney supported the toxic effect of arsenate exposure. Arsenate intoxication activates significantly the superoxide dismutase at 10 mg/l for 90 days, whereas the catalase activity was markedly inhibited in all treated groups (p?0.05). In addition, glutathione peroxidase activity was significantly increased at 45 days and dramatically declined after 90 days at 10 mg/l (p?0.05). A significant increase in the level of glutathione was marked for the groups treated for 45 and 90 days at 1 mg/l followed by a significant decrease for rats exposed to 10 mg/l for 90 days. An increase in the level of protein carbonyl was observed in all treated groups (p?0.05). In conclusion, the present study provides evidence for a direct effect of arsenate on fatty acid (FA) metabolism which concerns the synthesis pathway of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and leads to an increase in the trans FAs isomers. Therefore, FA-induced arsenate kidney damage could contribute to trigger kidney cancer. 相似文献
8.
Sebastián Villasante Gonzalo Macho Manel Antelo David Rodríguez-González Michel J. Kaiser 《Ambio》2013,42(8):905-909
In this paper, we summarize the contributions made by an interdisciplinary group of researchers from different disciplines (biology, ecology, economics, and law) that deal with key dimensions of marine social–ecological systems. Particularly, the local and global seafood provision; the feasibility and management of marine protected areas; the use of marine ecosystem services; the institutional dimension in European fisheries, and the affordable models for providing scientific advice to small-scale fisheries. This Special Issue presents key findings from selected case studies around the world available to educators, policy makers, and the technical community. Together, these papers show that a range of diverse ecological, economic, social, and institutional components often mutually interact at spatial and temporal scales, which evidence that managing marine social–ecological systems needs a continuous adaptability to navigate into new governance systems. 相似文献
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Sebastián Villasante David Rodríguez-González Manel Antelo Susana Rivero-Rodríguez Joseba Lebrancón-Nieto 《Ambio》2013,42(8):937-950
Through a comparative analysis of prices in capture fisheries and aquaculture sectors, the objectives of this paper are a) to investigate three the trends in prices of forage catches to feed the aquaculture species, b) to analyze the amount of fish species need to feed aquaculture species in order to assess the level of efficiency in resource use, and c) to examine the degree of economic concentration either in wild-catch industry and aquaculture sectors. The results show that prices of cultivated species are higher than prices of the same species when harvested from the sea. We explain this fact by the interplay of three forces. First, the amount of wild fish to feed aquaculture species continues to improve over time. Second, the pressure of fishing activities has not been reduced since catches of most forage fishes are declining, which induce higher prices of capture species that feed aquaculture production. Third, the level of seafood market concentration is significantly higher in aquaculture than in wild catches, which generates higher prices in aquaculture. 相似文献