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2.
Price Lynn Michaelis Laurie Worrell Ernst Khrushch Marta 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》1998,3(2-4):263-319
Disaggregation of sectoral energy use and greenhouse gas emissions trends reveals striking differences between sectors and regions of the world. Understanding key driving forces in the energy end-use sectors provides insights for development of projections of future greenhouse gas emissions. This paper examines global and regional historical trends in energy use and carbon emissions in the industrial, buildings, transport, and agriculture sectors. Activity and economic drivers as well as trends in energy and carbon intensity are evaluated. We show that macro-economic indicators, such as GDP, are insufficient for comprehending trends and driving forces at the sectoral level. These indicators need to be supplemented with sector-specific information for a more complete understanding of future energy use and greenhouse gas emissions. 相似文献
3.
Bertoni-Freddari C Fattoretti P Giorgetti B Spazzafumo L Solazzi M Balietti M 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2005,92(2):82-85
A computer-assisted morphometric investigation of cytochrome oxidase (COX) activity, selectively evidenced by preferential diaminobenzidine cytochemistry, has been carried out on synaptic mitochondria in the cerebellar cortex of adult and old rats. The ratio (R) of the area of the cytochemical precipitate (CPA) to the overall area of each mitochondrion (MA) was calculated. R refers to the fraction of the inner mitochondrial membrane actively involved in cellular respiration, thus its quantitative estimation constitutes a reliable index of the mitochondrial metabolic competence (MMC). In adult rats a significant negative correlation between MA and R values was found, while in old animals there was just a positive trend. Paired-quartile comparisons of R values showed a significant age-related decrease in small and medium-sized mitochondria, whereas the lowest and not significant age-related reduction was found in oversized organelles. A paired decrease in number and increase in size is reported to be a general trend for mitochondria during aging, but oversized organelles, according to their low R value, constitute a scanty, though functional, compensating reaction. Thus, the present findings support the argument that the currently reported age-related cellular metabolic decay appears to rely both on the decline in MMC of the small and medium-sized mitochondria, and on their specific reduction in number. This novel result is of biological relevance since it is largely the small and medium-sized mitochondria that are required for the provision of adequate amounts of ATP for actual cellular performance, while the significantly enlarged organelles are thought to represent an intermediate ultrastructural feature in mitochondrial genesis and/or remodelling. 相似文献
4.
Haban M Habanova M Otepka P Lukac N Massanyi P 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2008,43(6):533-538
This investigation was undertaken to determine the concentrations of cadmium, lead, mercury, zinc, copper and magnesium in six tea types used as children's tea. Six types of tea of different herbal composition used for children's consumption (T1, T2, T3, T4, T5 and T6) were analyzed in three subsequent collections. The analysis of cadmium showed that the concentration was very similar in all types of children's tea, ranging from 0.233 to 0.369 mg/kg. Lead concentrations were in the range of 0.340-1.564 mg/kg without any significant differences. The analysis of mercury detected very low concentration of this metal in all samples (0.002-0.004 mg/kg). In zinc, the values ranged from 36.633 to 71.711 mg/kg, with significant differences (p < 0.001) according to tea type. Copper concentration was 10.089-30.178 mg/kg with the highest value in T4. The concentration of magnesium was significantly higher in tea T1 and T2 (102.311 and 129.422 mg/kg) in comparison with other tea types where the level was 19.811-37.411 mg/kg. The maximum tolerable limit determined by Codex Alimentarius was not exceeded in any sample. In general, correlation analysis detected high positive correlation between cadmium and lead (r = 0.89), cadmium and mercury (r = 0.92) and between lead and mercury (r = 0.77). 相似文献
5.
The Patagonian coast is considered a relatively pristine environment. However, studies conducted along coastal Patagonia have
showed hydrocarbon pollution mostly concentrated at ports that have fishing, oil loading, general merchant, and/or tourist
activities. A high value of total aliphatic hydrocarbons (TAH) was found at the Rawson fishing port (741 μg/g dw). In other
ports with and without petroleum-related activities, hydrocarbon values were approximately 100 μg/g dw. The highest values
for TAH and total aromatic hydrocarbons (TArH) were found in Faro Aristizábal, north of San Jorge gulf (1304 and 737 μg/g
dw, respectively). This is very likely the result of petroleum-related activities at the Comodoro Rivadavia, Caleta Cordova,
and Caleta Olivia ports located within this gulf. In other coastal areas away from potential anthropogenic sources, hydrocarbon
values were less than 2 and 3 μg/g dw for TAH and TArH, respectively. This review of published and unpublished information
suggests that ports are important oil pollution sources in the Patagonian coast. More detailed studies are needed to evaluate
the area affected by port activities, to understand the mechanisms of hydrocarbon distribution in surrounding environments,
and to assess bioaccumulation in marine organisms. Despite that some regulations exist to control oil pollution derived from
port and docked vessel activities, new and stricter management guidelines should be implemented. 相似文献
6.
Algarve Thaís Doeler Assmann Charles Elias Cadoná Francine Carla Machado Alencar Kolinski Manica-Cattani Maria Fernanda Sato-Miyata Yukiko Asano Tsunaki Duarte Marta Maria Medeiros Frescura Ribeiro Euler Esteves Aigaki Toshiro da Cruz Ivana Beatrice Mânica 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2019,26(15):15069-15083
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Methylmercury (MeHg) is a well-known environmental pollutant associated with neurological and developmental deficits in animals and humans. However,... 相似文献
7.
Marta Bosque Maria-Irene Adamogianni Michael Bariotakis Laurence Fazan Markus Stoffel Giuseppe Garfi Joachim Gratzfeld Gregor Kozlowski Stergios Pirintsos 《Regional Environmental Change》2014,14(2):835-849
In this paper, the fine-scale spatial patterns of the Tertiary relict Zelkova abelicea (Lam.) Boiss. were studied (1) to reveal processes that contributed to its persistence to climate changes and (2) to assist future conservation planning, with the purpose of shifting the attention of conservation practitioners from patterns to processes. Results of the fine-scale spatial patterns of Z. abelicea indicate that the species tolerates disturbance and/or tracks changes resulting from disturbance in the range of its distribution through morphological and reproductive plasticity. In addition, our study indicates that Z. abelicea populations are conserved in the absence of metapopulation structure and that the species participates in plant–plant interactions through facilitation processes. Hence, the persistence of the species to climate changes seems to be more complicated and multifactorial than a linear and plain view of species survival in climate refugial areas, and therefore calls for a consideration of the processes revealed in this paper in future conservation planning. 相似文献
8.
Mikoaj Piniewski Sirkka Tattari Jari Koskiaho Olle Olsson Faruk Djodjic Marek Gieczewski Pawe Marcinkowski Marta Ksiniak Tomasz Okruszko 《Ambio》2021,50(3):706
Riverine nutrient loads are among the major causes of eutrophication of the Baltic Sea. This study applied the Soil & Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) in three catchments flowing to the Baltic Sea, namely Vantaanjoki (Finland), Fyrisån (Sweden), and Słupia (Poland), to simulate the effectiveness of nutrient control measures included in the EU’s Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans (RBMPs). Moreover, we identified similar, coastal, middle-sized catchments to which conclusions from this study could be applicable. The first modelling scenario based on extrapolation of the existing trends affected the modelled nutrient loads by less than 5%. In the second scenario, measures included in RBMPs showed variable effectiveness, ranging from negligible for Słupia to 28% total P load reduction in Vantaanjoki. Adding spatially targeted measures to RBMPs (third scenario) would considerably improve their effectiveness in all three catchments for both total N and P, suggesting a need to adopt targeting more widely in the Baltic Sea countries.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s13280-020-01393-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
9.
Solá María Zoleica Simón Prado Carolina Rosa Mariana Aráoz María Victoria Coll Benimeli Claudia Susana Polti Marta Alejandra Alvarez Analia 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(37):51217-51231
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Phytoremediation techniques have been proposed as ecological methods to clean up contaminated sites. This study is aimed to evaluate the effect of the... 相似文献
10.
Vicente Estela Domingos Alves Célia A. Martins Vânia Almeida Susana Marta Lazaridis Mihalis 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(46):65385-65398
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Residential settings are of utmost importance for human exposure, as it is where people spend most of their time. Residential wood combustion is a... 相似文献