Quantitative health risk assessment of inhalation exposure to automobile foundry dust

With a growing awareness of environmental protection, the dust pollution caused by automobile foundry work has become a serious and urgent problem. This study aimed to explore contamination levels and health effects of automobile foundry dust. A total of 276 dust samples from six types of work in an automobile foundry factory were collected and analysed using the filter membrane method. Probabilistic risk assessment model was developed for evaluating the health risk of foundry dust on workers. The health risk and its influencing factors among workers were then assessed by applying the Monte Carlo method to identify the most significant parameters. Health damage assessment was conducted to translate health risk into disability-adjusted life year (DALY). The results revealed that the mean concentration of dust on six types of work ranged from 1.67 to 5.40 mg/m³. The highest health risks to be come from melting, cast shakeout and finishing, followed by pouring, sand preparation, moulding and core-making. The probability of the risk exceeding 10⁻⁶ was approximately 85%, 90%, 90%, 75%, 70% and 45%, respectively. The sensitivity analysis indicated that average time, exposure duration, inhalation rate and dust concentration (C) made great contribution to dust health risk. Workers exposed to cast shakeout and finishing had the largest DALY of 48.64a. These results can further help managers to fully understand the dust risks on various types of work in the automobile foundry factories and provide scientific basis for the management and decision-making related to health damage assessment.

     

垃圾填埋场渗滤液和浓缩液的蒸发特性

研究了垃圾填埋场渗滤液及其MBR-NF-RO处理过程所产生的膜浓缩过滤液在不同蒸馏阶段的水质情况,对比分析了不同pH下渗滤液蒸发情况,考察了蒸发前后的废水中溶解性有机物（DOM）的变化情况。结果表明,垃圾渗滤液蒸发各阶段水质（COD和NH4+-N）情况与膜过滤浓缩液大致相同,都是由高到低再升高的情况;在pH 5~10范围内,随着pH的增高,10%残留率下,NH4+-N的蒸发量逐渐增加,而TOC逐渐减少;膜过滤浓缩液和垃圾渗滤液的DOM成分大致相同,都以富里酸和腐殖酸为主,蒸发后蒸发液中DOM以类蛋白和色氨酸为主;通过蒸发法处理垃圾渗滤液膜浓缩液,出水水质可以满足《生活垃圾填埋场污染控制标准》（GB16889-2008）;而垃圾渗滤液采用此法处理后仍旧含有较高浓度的NH4+-N,需结合其他处理设施才可达标排放。