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排序方式: 共有282条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Tissue localisation of tetra- and pentabromodiphenyl ether congeners (BDE-47, -85 and -99) in perinatal and adult C57BL mice 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
The distribution of polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) congeners was followed in C57BL mice. The animals were subjected to whole-body autoradiography using (14)C-labelled 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47), 2,2',3,4,4'-pentabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-85) and 2,2',4,4',5-pentabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-99). Labelled BDE-85 and -99 were also used in quantitative studies on milk transfer and tissue concentrations during the neonatal period (12-15 days post partum), by use of liquid scintillation technique. The results show that in adult mice the studied PBDEs were effectively taken up, retained in fatty tissues and concentrated in some specific organs, i.e. the liver, adrenal cortex, ovary, lung and (initially) the brain. At longer post-injection time, the concentration in most tissues was considerably lower, and radioactivity was mainly found in fat depots and the liver. No significant difference in distribution between the three studied congeners was observed. Following maternal exposure, the foetal uptake was limited. On the other hand, during lactation a considerable fraction of the dose (about 20% of the studied penta-BDEs) given to the dam was transferred to the offspring. As in several cases the presently observed organ accumulation corresponds with earlier reports on PBDE effects in the same organs, the present results should be taken into consideration in the risk assessment of this compound group. 相似文献
2.
Interactions between foragers may seriously affect individual foraging efficiency. In a laboratory study of handling time,
prey value and prey-size preference in northern pike and signal crayfish, we show that risk of intraspecific interactions
between predators does not affect handling time or value of prey. However, the presence of agonistic intraspecific interactors
shifts prey-size preference in these predators. Neither northern pike nor signal crayfish foraging alone show a prey-size
preference, while pike foraging among conspecifics prefer small prey, and crayfish foraging in groups prefer large prey. We
ascribe the different outcomes in prey preference to differences in susceptibility to interactions: northern pike under risk
avoid large prey to avoid long handling times and the associated risk of interactions, while signal crayfish foraging among
conspecifics may defend themselves and their prey during handling, and thus select prey to maximise investment. In addition,
the value of pike prey (roach) is low for very small prey, maximises for small prey, and then decreases monotonically for
larger prey, while crayfish prey (pond snail) value is low for very small prey, has a maximum at small prey, but does not
decrease as much for larger prey. Therefore, a large and easily detected snail prey provides a crayfish with as much value
as a small prey. We conclude that interaction risk and predator density affect prey-size preference differently in these aquatic
predators, and therefore has different potential effects on prey-size structure and population and community dynamics.
Received: 4 October 1999 / Revised: 20 March 2000 / Accepted: 27 May 2000 相似文献
3.
4.
Svensson Teresia Kylin Henrik Montelius Malin Sandén Per Bastviken David 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(7):7691-7709
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Chlorine (Cl) in the terrestrial environment is of interest from multiple perspectives, including the use of chloride as a tracer for water flow and... 相似文献
5.
Thorsten Blenckner Henrik Österblom Per Larsson Agneta Andersson Ragnar Elmgren 《Ambio》2015,44(3):507-515
Ecosystem-based management (EBM) has emerged as the generally agreed strategy for managing ecosystems, with humans as integral parts of the managed system. Human activities have substantial effects on marine ecosystems, through overfishing, eutrophication, toxic pollution, habitat destruction, and climate change. It is important to advance the scientific knowledge of the cumulative, integrative, and interacting effects of these diverse activities, to support effective implementation of EBM. Based on contributions to this special issue of AMBIO, we synthesize the scientific findings into four components: pollution and legal frameworks, ecosystem processes, scale-dependent effects, and innovative tools and methods. We conclude with challenges for the future, and identify the next steps needed for successful implementation of EBM in general and specifically for the Baltic Sea. 相似文献
6.
Catherine Legrand Emil Fridolfsson Mireia Bertos-Fortis Elin Lindehoff Per Larsson Jarone Pinhassi Agneta Andersson 《Ambio》2015,44(3):427-438
The microbial part of the pelagic food web is seldom characterized in models despite its major contribution to biogeochemical cycles. In the Baltic Sea, spatial and temporal high frequency sampling over three years revealed changes in heterotrophic bacteria and phytoplankton coupling (biomass and production) related to hydrographic properties of the ecosystem. Phyto- and bacterioplankton were bottom-up driven in both coastal and offshore areas. Cold winter temperature was essential for phytoplankton to conform to the successional sequence in temperate waters. In terms of annual carbon production, the loss of the spring bloom (diatoms and dinoflagellates) after mild winters tended not to be compensated for by other taxa, not even summer cyanobacteria. These results improve our ability to project Baltic Sea ecosystem response to short- and long-term environmental changes. 相似文献
7.
Felton Adam Löfroth Therese Angelstam Per Gustafsson Lena Hjältén Joakim Felton Annika M. Simonsson Per Dahlberg Anders Lindbladh Matts Svensson Johan Nilsson Urban Lodin Isak Hedwall P. O. Sténs Anna Lämås Tomas Brunet Jörg Kalén Christer Kriström Bengt Gemmel Pelle Ranius Thomas 《Ambio》2020,49(5):1065-1066
Ambio - In the original published article, the sentence “Nevertheless, semi-natural forest remnants continue to be harvested and fragmented (Svensson et al. 2018; Jonsson et al. 2019), and... 相似文献
8.
Fredrik Wulff Christoph Humborg Hans Estrup Andersen Gitte Blicher-Mathiesen Mikołaj Czajkowski Katarina Elofsson Anders Fonnesbech-Wulff Berit Hasler Bongghi Hong Viesturs Jansons Carl-Magnus Mörth James C. R. Smart Erik Smedberg Per Stålnacke Dennis P. Swaney Hans Thodsen Adam Was Tomasz Żylicz 《Ambio》2014,43(1):11-25
The Baltic Sea Action Plan (BSAP) requires tools to simulate effects and costs of various nutrient abatement strategies. Hierarchically connected databases and models of the entire catchment have been created to allow decision makers to view scenarios via the decision support system NEST. Increased intensity in agriculture in transient countries would result in increased nutrient loads to the Baltic Sea, particularly from Poland, the Baltic States, and Russia. Nutrient retentions are high, which means that the nutrient reduction goals of 135 000 tons N and 15 000 tons P, as formulated in the BSAP from 2007, correspond to a reduction in nutrient loadings to watersheds by 675 000 tons N and 158 000 tons P. A cost-minimization model was used to allocate nutrient reductions to measures and countries where the costs for reducing loads are low. The minimum annual cost to meet BSAP basin targets is estimated to 4.7 billion €. 相似文献
9.
Per Angelstam Kjell Andersson Maths Isacson Dmitri V. Gavrilov Robert Axelsson Mattias Bäckström Erik Degerman Marine Elbakidze Elena Yu. Kazakova-Apkarimova Lotta Sartz Stefan Sädbom Johan Törnblom 《Ambio》2013,42(2):146-159
Barriers and bridges to implement policies about sustainable development and sustainability commonly depend on the past development of social–ecological systems. Production of metals required integration of use of ore, streams for energy, and wood for bioenergy and construction, as well as of multiple societal actors. Focusing on the Swedish Bergslagen region as a case study we (1) describe the phases of natural resource use triggered by metallurgy, (2) the location and spatial extent of 22 definitions of Bergslagen divided into four zones as a proxy of cumulative pressure on landscapes, and (3) analyze the consequences for natural capital and society. We found clear gradients in industrial activity, stream alteration, and amount of natural forest from the core to the periphery of Bergslagen. Additionally, the legacy of top-down governance is linked to today’s poorly diversified business sector and thus municipal vulnerability. Comparing the Bergslagen case study with other similar regions in Russia and Germany, we discuss the usefulness of multiple case studies. 相似文献
10.
Joakim Krook Annica Carlsson Mats Eklund Per Frändegård Niclas Svensson 《Journal of Cleaner Production》2011,19(9-10):1052-1056
Large technical systems serving the everyday needs of people, such as water supply systems, power grids or communication networks, are rich in accumulated metals. Over time, parts of these systems have been taken out of use without the system infrastructure being removed from its original location. Such metal stocks in hibernation thus constitute potential resource reservoirs accessible for recovery. In this paper, obsolete stocks of copper situated in the local power grids of two Swedish cities are quantified. Emphasis is also on economic conditions for extracting such “hibernating” cables. The results show that on a per customer basis, the two power grids contain similar amounts of copper, i.e. 0.04–0.05 tonnes per subscriber. However, the share of the copper stock that is in hibernation differs between the grids. In the larger grid of Gothenburg, almost 20% of the copper accumulated in the grid is no longer in use, while the obsolete share does not exceed 5% in the city of Linköping. For managers of local power grids, recovery of hibernating cables could be beneficial if integrated with other maintenance work on the grid. At the present price of copper, however, separate recovery of obsolete cables is not economically justified. 相似文献