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Paper nests of social wasps are intriguing constructions for both, biologists and engineers. We demonstrate that moisture
and latent heat significantly influence the thermal performance of the nest construction. Two colonies of the hornet Vespa crabro were investigated in order to clarify the relation of the temperature and the moisture regime inside the nest. Next to fairly
stable nest temperatures the hornets maintain a high relative humidity inside the nest. We found that in consequence a partial
vapor-pressure gradient between nest and ambient drives a constant vapor flux through the envelope. The vapor flux is limited
by the diffusion resistance of the envelope. The driving force of vapor flux is heat, which is consumed through evaporation
inside the nest. The colony has to compensate this loss with metabolic heat production in order to maintain a stable nest
temperature. However, humidity fluctuations inside the nest induce circadian adsorption and desorption cycles, which stabilize
the nest temperature and thus contribute significantly to temperature homeostasis. Our study demonstrates that both mechanisms
influence nest thermoregulation and need to be considered to understand the thermodynamic behavior of nests of wasps and social
insects in general. 相似文献
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Regnery Julia Friesen Anton Geduhn Anke Göckener Bernd Kotthoff Matthias Parrhysius Pia Petersohn Eleonora Reifferscheid Georg Schmolz Erik Schulz Robert S. Schwarzbauer Jan Brinke Marvin 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2019,17(1):215-240
Environmental Chemistry Letters - Anticoagulant rodenticides are used worldwide to control commensal rodents for hygienic and public health reasons. As anticoagulants act on all vertebrates, risk... 相似文献
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We investigated nest odor dynamics in the common yellow jacket, Vespula vulgaris. In six isolated colonies, we tested the aggression rates toward dead nestmates that had been stored for 10 min, 10 and 19 days
outside their colonies at –76 °C. The aggression rate increased from about 12% toward recently killed nestmates up to 30%
toward nestmates killed 19 days before the experiment. Obviously, the conserved nest odor profile of the nestmates frozen
for several days did not match with that of their colony anymore. This indicates a change of the nest odor within the colony.
In a second experiment, we kept two colonies each in one nest box with a complete separation of both neighbor nests by a solid
wall inside the box for 28 days. In confrontation experiments, the colony members treated dead foragers from the neighbor
nest as aggressively as dead foreign, non-neighbor workers (about 39% each) whereas only about 14% reacted aggressively toward
dead nestmates. Seventeen days after the replacement of the solid wall by a metallic grid, which allowed no physical contact
but air exchange between the two neighbor colonies, the aggression rates toward foreign workers and nestmates remained relatively
unaffected whereas it decreased significantly toward dead neighbors to about 11%. These results suggest a nest odor dynamic
caused by volatiles transferred between two adjacent colonies, resulting in an equalization of the former colony specific
nest odors. A change of nest odor dynamics influenced by volatiles was so far described only for one ant species at all. 相似文献
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