广州市夏、冬季室内外PM2.5质量浓度的特征

2004年7月2日至8月13日和2004年11月29日至2005年1月6日分别在广州市3种类型区域(一般城市区域、道路旁、工业源附近)9个居民住宅的室内和室外同步采集了PM2.5颗粒.采用标准称重法测定PM2.5质量浓度,得到广州市夏季住宅室内外PM2.5平均质量浓度分别为67.7、74.5 μg/m3,冬季室内外PM2.5平均质量浓度分别为109.9、123.7 μg/m3.广州市PM2.5平均质量浓度,与美国PM2.5标准相比,与国内PM10标准基础上假设的PM2.5限值相比,与其他一些国内、亚洲和欧美城市的文献记录相比,结果均显示广州市PM2.5处于相当严重污染状态.广州市PM2.5质量浓度呈现明显的空间分布特征和季节变化特征;PM2.5室内质量浓度并不总是低于室外质量浓度,反映了室内空气污染的存在.     

基于多工况融合的化工装置异常状态预警研究

化工装置的异常状态会导致生产运行过程中发生重大安全事故。提出一种基于多工况融合的化工装置异常状态预警策略,即:分析反映化工装置异常状态的特征参数,采用隶属函数对特征参数变化趋势进行量化处理,计算得到各特征参数的偏差程度;利用特征参数变化速率确定特征参数权重的分配原则与算法,结合特征参数偏差程度和权重的计算结果,构建了基于多工况参数融合的化工装置异常状态预警模型;利用西南油气田川中油气矿天然气净化厂DCS系统数据对预警策略进行了验证。验证结果表明:与传统单参数阈值报警相比,本文提出的预警策略可提前8min预知脱硫塔异常"发泡"事件,从而达到过程安全管理关口提前的目的。     

宇宙成因核素26Al/10Be约束贵州涟江流域沉积物埋藏历史

贵州喀斯特地区位于青藏高原向丘陵地貌转换过渡带,区内发育多级层状地貌面,是研究区域构造-气候-剥蚀耦合作用的天然实验场。本文测定了贵州省惠水县境内涟江I级阶地沉积物中原位宇宙成因核素¹⁰Be和²⁶Al浓度,通过暴露-埋藏模型对沉积物埋藏历史和物源进行研究。与前人研究结果相比,涟江流域单核素剥蚀速率（¹⁰Be平均剥蚀速率为10.85±0.97 m/Ma）显著低于贵州高原其他流域。结合双核素暴露-埋藏模型,研究结果表明更新世以来沉积物样品可能经历了复杂暴露-埋藏-再暴露过程,其物源可能是异地埋藏或洞穴堆积等非稳态剥蚀区。宇宙成因核素对²⁶Al-¹⁰Be联用能有效判别非稳态剥蚀过程,弥补了单核素不能表征沉积物埋藏历史的不足。     

产碱杆菌DN25中降氰酶的分离纯化及生化特性

以一株可降氰的产碱杆菌DN25为酶来源,通过超滤、30 mg/mL硫酸鱼精蛋白沉淀、30%～70%硫酸铵盐析和Phenyl-Toyopearl 650M疏水层析等步骤,获得比活力为44 U/mg的纯化酶制剂.在确定酶浓度、反应时间等氰降解活力测定条件后开展酶学性质研究,试图为将来氰降解代谢机理的深入研究和菌株的基因工程改造提供理论基础.研究结果表明,此纯化酶催化氰化物水解的最适pH值为8.0,最适温度为30℃.该酶在pH 7.0～8.0区域稳定,而在pH>9时会很快失活;在30℃保存10 h,酶活力保持稳定,高于60℃,酶快速失活.加入甘氨酸稳定剂,在60℃下保存20 min酶活仍可保留19.6%.酶促反应动力学符合米氏双曲线方程,测得米氏常数Km为3.11 mmol/L,最大反应速率Vmax为0.23 mmolL-1min-1.     

Public perception of smog: A case study in Ningbo City,China

Smog has become a public environmental crisis in most areas of China, and in response, research efforts have mainly focused on the chemical properties of smog and its impact on human health. However, in-depth research on the public’s perception of smog has not yet been conducted. A survey of residents living around eight state-controlled atmospheric environmental monitoring sites in Ningbo City was conducted using stratified sampling. The data was statistically analyzed to investigate people’s views and behavioral tendencies in smog weather, the influence of different media reports on public outlook, and public opinions on the local atmosphere and pollution management in different areas. The results showed that people’s perception of smog differs greatly from actual conditions, indicating that the public opinion tends to deviate when faced with a public crisis. Mainstream media (TV, newspaper, etc.), accounting for 67% of all media sources, are the main source for dissemination of smog information. The main sources of pollution, in order of decreasing contribution, according to residents of Ningbo City are as follows: motor vehicle exhaust, industrial coal combustion, large-scale construction, biomass burning, and kitchen fumes.

Implications: Since 2011, most areas of China have been affected by frequent smog. Most research on smog has been concentrated on its causes, alert systems, and prevention measures, whereas in-depth research on the public perception of smog has not yet been conducted. When a risky environmental event such as smog occurs, consequences may be more serious than the event itself will cause if people take irrational measures because of lacking relevant knowledge. Therefore, investigating people’s attitude and response to smog is both theoretically and practically significant.     

我国粉煤灰高值应用研究进展

结合粉煤灰的性质及化学成分组成,综述了粉煤灰在制备白炭黑、沸石、水处理和在稀有金属回收方面的高值应用的新途径和应用现状。粉煤灰目前主要应用在建筑、交通等行业,虽然能在短时间内快速提高利用率,但均为低附加值产品,并未充分发挥潜在的价值,大力开发粉煤灰的高附加值产品是今后粉煤灰资源化利用技术研究的主要方向。     

Polymeric carbon nitride-based photocatalysts for the removal of nitrogen oxides: a review

Environmental Chemistry Letters - Air pollution in Chinese megacities by particulate matter and ozone is a major health problem originating partly from emissions of nitrogen oxides. Therefore,...     

基于“互联网＋”的海外员工健康管理 平台设计及应用

针对目前国内健康管理存在健康信息采集来源狭窄、健康指标数据利用效率低、信息化水平和功能与用户及社会发展不匹配等问题,设计开发了基于"互联网+"的海外油田员工健康管理信息化平台。通过运用互联网技术,使健康管理更加快捷化、流程化和规范化,实现了员工出国前健康体检、出国前健康评估和出国后健康监测的全业务流程在线管控,同时系统自动采集体检报告,形成完整的员工健康档案,提升了员工健康管理水平,为海外油田员工体检套餐优化、重点疾病防控和出国健康评估等提供了全面的数据决策依据。     

On the relationship between ozone and its precursors in the Pearl River Delta: application of an observation-based model (OBM)

Background, aim, and scope  

Photochemical smog, characterized by high concentrations of O₃ and fine particles, is of great concern in the urban areas, in particular megacities and city clusters like the Pearl River Delta.