Environmental Science and Pollution Research - To investigate the complex Pb-Cd exposure network in school-going children, a thorough investigation of the probable exposure means (diet, water, and... 相似文献
In this study, different concentrations of transfluthrin and metofluthrin have been assayed for genotoxicity by using the Wing Spot Test on Drosophila melanogaster. Standard cross was used in the experiment. Third-instar larvae that were trans-heterozygous for the two genetic markers mwh and flr3 were treated at different concentrations (0.0103 mg mL−1, 0.103 mg mL−1 for transfluthrin and 6 μg mL−1, 60 μg mL−1 for metofluthrin) of the test compounds. Feeding ended with pupation of the surviving larvae and the genetic changes induced in somatic cells of the wing’s imaginal discs lead to the formation of mutant clones on the wing blade. Results indicated that two experimental concentrations of transfluthrin and 60 μg mL−1 metofluthrin showed mutagenic and recombinogenic effects in both the marker-heterozygous (MH) flies and the balancer-heterozygous (BH) flies. 相似文献
Static bioassays were made to determine acute toxicity of chlorpyrifos-methyl, a wide spectrum organophosphorus insecticide and potential toxic pollutant of aquatic ecosystem, Guppy fish (Poecilia reticulata). Bioassays were made at a regulated temperature of 22+/-1 degrees C and were repeated three times. Lethal doses of the insecticides were determined using LC50 software programme of U.S. EPA based on Finney's Probit Analysis statistical method. The 96 h LC50 value and 95% confidence limit of chlorpyrifos-methyl for Guppy was estimated as 1.79 (1.47-2.10) mg/l. The fish exposed to chlorpyrifos-methyl exhibited behavioral changes in the form of neurotoxin toxicity: less general activity than control group, loss of equilibrium, erratic swimming and staying motionless at a certain location generally at mid-water level for prolonged periods. The 1 mg/l (lowest) concentration had similar behavior (NOEC) with the control group. 相似文献
Belgrade, capital city of Serbia, has over 1,600,000 inhabitants and over 400,000 vehicles trafficking every day on its streets.
The investigation of soil pollution was performed by sequential extraction analysis to investigate the availability of potentially
toxic metals (Zn, Cd, Pb, Co, Ni, Cu, Cr and Mn) under different oxidation and pH conditions. All investigated metals were
mainly extracted from soils with neutral or acidic extractants. Serious pollution was observed along roads and streets with
high traffic frequency, but Pb and Ni pollution was the highest since their concentrations exceed both soil Serbian standard
and Canadian guidance values and is characteristic for all investigated sites. Cd, Cu, Cr and Zn concentrations are moderately
high since they are between Canadian guideline and Serbian standard. 相似文献
Semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) are a major global problem that causes the greatest impact on urban settings and have been linked to bronchial asthma in both children and adults in Pakistan. The association between exposure of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and asthma in the adult population is less clear. The current study aimed to assess the clinico-chemical parameters and blood levels of naphthalene phenanthrene, pyrene, and 1,2-benzanthracene and urinary levels of 1-OH pyrene and 1-OH phenanthrene as well as asthma-related biomarkers immunoglobulin E (IgE), resistin, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) of oxidative stress and other hematologic parameters in adults and their relationship with bronchial asthma. The GC/MS analysis showed higher mean concentrations of blood PAHs in asthma respondents (4.48 ± 1.34, 3.46 ± 1.04, 0.10 ± 0.03, and 0.29 ± 0.09) (ng/mL) as compared to controls (3.07 ± 0.92, 1.71 ± 0.51, 0.06 ± 0.02, and 0.11 ± 0.03) (ng/mL), with p = .006, p = .001, p = .050, and p = .001. Similarly, urinary levels of 1-OHpyr and 1-OHphe were significantly increased in adults with bronchial asthma (0.54 ± 0.16; 0.13 ± 0.04) (μmol/mol-Cr) than in controls (0.30 ± 0.09; 0.05 ± 0.02) (μmol/mol-Cr), with p = .002 and p = .0001, respectively, with a significant positive correlation to asthma severity. The asthma-related biomarkers IgE, resistin, and SOD were significantly higher (p 0.0001, 0.0001, and 0.0001) in people with asthma than in control persons. The findings showed that higher blood and urine PAHs levels were linked to higher asthma risk in adults and significant interaction with participants who smoked, had allergies, had a family history of asthma, and were exposed to dust. The current study’s findings will be useful to local regulatory agencies in Lahore in terms of managing exposure and advocating efforts to minimize PAH pollution and manage health.
Mutagenic activity in diesel emission particulate extracts was detected by the Salmonella typhimurium/microsome assay. Direct-acting mutagens as well as promutagens requiring metabolic activation were detected. The extracts were fractionated into acidic, basic, and neutral fractions, and the neutral fraction was chromatographed into seven subfractions. Differences in the mutagenic potency of these fractions and subfractions were determined by the Salmonella assay. Fractions containing as yet unidentified compounds, but not polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, were found to make a major contribution to mutagenic activity of the extracts. 相似文献
Methylation of chlorimuron‐ethyl with etheral solution of diazomethane gave ethyl‐2‐[[[[(4‐chloro‐6‐methoxy‐2‐pyrimidinyl) N‐methylamino] carbonyl] N‐methylamino] sulfonyl] benzoate (dimethyl derivative of chlorimuron‐ethyl) as the major product along with 4‐chloro‐6‐methoxy‐2‐N‐methylamino pyrimidine, 2‐aminomethyl sulfonyl benzoic acid, ethyl‐2‐[(N‐methylamino) sulfonyl] benzoate, ethyl‐2‐[N,N‐dimethylamino) sulfonyl] benzoate and o‐benzoic sulf‐N‐methylimide as the minor products. 相似文献