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Adrian Vallin Marina Dimitrova Ullasa Kodandaramaiah Sami Merilaita 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2011,65(8):1629-1636
Eyespots (patterns of roughly concentric rings) are often thought to have an anti-predator function. Previous experiments
have lent support for the intimidation hypothesis by demonstrating a deterring effect of eyespots, but so far there is little
evidence for the deflective effect (direction of attacks toward less vital body parts). We studied predators’ responses towards
large and small eyespots and towards prey with no, one, or a pair of eyespots and if this response is influenced by whether
or not prey blend into background. In two experiments, we used artificial, triangular prey items and blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus) as predators. In experiment 1, we found evidence for the deflective effect of small but not large eyespots, independent
of whether the prey was presented on a concealing or exposing background. In experiment 2, we found that predators avoided
the prey with a pair of small eyespots more than the prey without eyespots, but interestingly, we only found this deterring
effect on the concealing background. There was no difference in attacks between the prey with one large and two small or one
large and no eyespots. We conclude that deflective function may select for eyespots, and background may influence the deterring
function of eyespots. 相似文献
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Balamurali G. S. Edison Alitha Somanathan Hema Kodandaramaiah Ullasa 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2019,73(3):1-10
Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology - In sand fiddler crabs, Uca pugilator, contests between residents and intruders for breeding burrows often escalate to forceful pinching. In these contests, we... 相似文献
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