全文获取类型
收费全文 | 112篇 |
免费 | 2篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 3篇 |
废物处理 | 4篇 |
环保管理 | 8篇 |
综合类 | 4篇 |
基础理论 | 25篇 |
污染及防治 | 45篇 |
评价与监测 | 16篇 |
社会与环境 | 9篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 5篇 |
2022年 | 7篇 |
2021年 | 12篇 |
2020年 | 1篇 |
2019年 | 3篇 |
2018年 | 6篇 |
2017年 | 7篇 |
2016年 | 4篇 |
2015年 | 6篇 |
2014年 | 3篇 |
2013年 | 12篇 |
2012年 | 6篇 |
2011年 | 6篇 |
2010年 | 7篇 |
2009年 | 3篇 |
2008年 | 7篇 |
2007年 | 5篇 |
2006年 | 7篇 |
2005年 | 1篇 |
2004年 | 1篇 |
2003年 | 1篇 |
2002年 | 1篇 |
1994年 | 1篇 |
1993年 | 1篇 |
1989年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有114条查询结果,搜索用时 19 毫秒
1.
Alexandre Bevilacqua Leoneti Valquiria Aragão-Leoneti Simone Vasconcelos Ribeiro Galina Geciane Silveira Porto 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2017,19(2):637-651
Brazil is considered one of the world’s leading producers of biofuels given the predominance of ethanol fuel in its energy matrix. However, despite the prominence of Brazil in ethanol production, the vast majority of biodiesel production plants in Brazil use methanol instead of ethanol as the alcohol for transesterification reaction, as is generally the case in the rest of the world. The aim of this paper is therefore to examine the transesterification process in the Brazilian biodiesel production in terms of sustainability. In this regard, it was necessary to evaluate the way in which the industrial process is currently carried out, the role of government incentives or subsidies for the use of ethanol to produce biodiesel, and the investments of companies in technology development for the same purpose. This study presents indications that the development of the biodiesel market in Brazil is still oriented toward a production model which is inconsistent with the environmental and social aspects of sustainability. 相似文献
2.
Alex Kacelnik Marco Vasconcelos Tiago Monteiro Justine Aw 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2011,65(3):547-558
Charles Darwin aided his private decision making by an explicit deliberation, famously deciding whether or not to marry by
creating a list of points in a table with two columns: “Marry” and “Not Marry”. One hundred seventy-two years after Darwin’s
wedding, we reconsider whether this process of choice, under which individuals assign values to their options and compare
their relative merits at the time of choosing (the tug-of-war model), applies to our experimental animal, the European Starling,
Sturnus vulgaris. We contrast this with the sequential choice model that postulates that decision-makers make no comparison between options
at the time of choice. According to the latter, behaviour in simultaneous choices reflects adaptations to contexts with sequential
encounters, in which the choice is whether to take an opportunity or let it pass. We postulate that, in sequential encounters,
the decision-maker assigns (by learning) a subjective value to each option, reflecting its payoff relative to background opportunities.
This value is expressed as latency and/or probability to accept each opportunity as opposed to keep searching. In simultaneous
encounters, choice occurs through each option being processed independently, by a race between the mechanisms that generate
option-specific latencies. We describe these alternative models and review data supporting the predictions of the sequential
choice model. 相似文献
3.
Maria Clara P. Amorim José Miguel Simões Vitor C. Almada Paulo J. Fonseca 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2011,65(4):707-716
Signal attributes should show different degrees of variability depending on the information to be conveyed. Species identity
is usually associated with stereotyped features of a signal, whereas other types of information such as individual quality
and motivation are associated with signal plasticity. Lusitanian toadfish males form aggregations during the breeding season
and emit a tonal advertisement call (the boatwhistle) to attract mates to their nests. We test the hypothesis that the boatwhistle
can convey information both on individual identity and motivation by checking how signal parameters vary with time. We study
how the physical (tide level) and social (calling alone or in a chorus) environments and male calling rate affect this advertisement
signal and how all these external and internal factors (environment, social and male motivation) blend to modulate the Lusitanian
toadfish’s advertisement call. Boatwhistles of each male were very stereotyped in short periods of time (minutes), but intra-male
signal variability greatly increased in a longer time scale (days). Nevertheless, significant differences among males could
still be found even in a long time scale. Pulse period was the acoustic feature that most contributed to discriminate among
males. Tide level and male calling rate modulated boatwhistle characteristics, and there was a differential effect of tide
on call attributes depending on male calling rate. Social acoustic environment only affected calling rate. These results suggest
that inter-individual differences in call characteristics and call plasticity may mediate both male–male assessment and mate
choice. 相似文献
4.
Pedro N. Carvalho Pedro Nuno R. Rodrigues M. Clara P. Basto M. Teresa S. D. Vasconcelos 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2009,159(1-4):183-190
This work aimed to report present levels (2007–2008 sampling) of tri- (TBT), di- (DBT), and monobutyltin (MBT) in surface sediments from 11 Portuguese coastal sites and discuss the evolution of BTs contamination in the last two decades. All the samples revealed quantifiable values of TBT, DBT, and MBT with total butyltin concentrations between 1 and 565 ng/g (of Sn in dry sediment). Maximum level of TBT, 66 ng/g, was observed in Sado estuary, at Lisnave site, in the proximity of a big shipyard. MBT decreased site by site by the same order as DBT and TBT did, but its concentrations were much higher in many cases, denoting that TBT contamination was much higher in the past. A comparison with the available previous data confirmed a marked decrease of TBT contamination all over the last years, indicating that the main sources of TBT in Portuguese coastwise stopped effectively. 相似文献
5.
6.
7.
The concentrations of seven metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni and Zn) were determined in coastal seawaters and soft and hard tissues of the barnacle Chthamalus montagui from the northwest coast of Portugal to assess the potential use of C. montagui as biomonitor of metal contamination. The results of this study showed that C. montagui soft tissues can be used for monitoring metal bioavailabilities in these coastal seawaters: (1) there were significant correlations (p?0.05) between the metal concentrations in soft tissues and their concentrations in seawaters and (2) barnacle soft tissues were sensitive to spatial variation of metal bioavailabilities, accumulating different amounts of metals in different locations. The range of concentrations in tissues were: 0.59-1.7 mg Cd kg(-1), 0.5-3.2 mg Cr kg(-1), 0.72-3.0 mg Ni kg(-1), 1.2-6.7 mg Cu kg(-1), 9-26 mg Mn kg(-1), 214-785 mg Fe kg(-1) and 178-956 mg Zn kg(-1); (3) mean logarithmic bioaccumulation factors (log BAF) of Fe, Cr and Cd were higher, 5.49, 4.93 and 4.46, respectively, than mean log BAFs of Mn, Zn, Cu and Ni, 4.03, 3.97, 3.74 and 3.61, respectively. In contrary, C. montagui shell plates were not a good matrix to monitor metal bioavailability in these coastal seawaters, with no significant correlations (p?0.05) between metal concentrations in the shell and in seawater. Regarding the high Zn concentrations obtained in the coastal seawaters and C. montagui soft tissues, all seawaters from northwest coast of Portugal should be classified as "moderately/remarkably polluted". 相似文献
8.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the sediment quality in the mesotidal Douro River estuarine environment, in order to identify areas where sediment contamination could cause ecosystem degradation. Samples were obtained in five locations and sediment characterised for grain size, total organic matter, total-recoverable metals (Al, Fe, Cu, Pb, Cr, Ni, Cd, Zn and Mn), as well as acid volatile sulfide (AVS) and simultaneously extracted metals (SEM). In situ effects were evaluated by examining the macrobenthic community structure. An elutriate sediment toxicity test (ESTT) was used to estimate the amount of metals and nutrients that could be exchanged with the water column through resuspension, and its positive or negative effects on the growth of the micro-alga Emiliania huxleyi in a 10 day test. Anthropogenic metal contamination was identified at the north bank of the Douro estuary, with deleterious effects on the macrobenthic community, namely decrease in number of species and diversity. This contamination could possibly also be toxic for water column organisms, in case of resuspension, as shown by the ESTT. Sediments from the salt marsh at the south bank showed an impoverished macrobenthic community and elutriate toxicity, which appeared to be due to anaerobic conditions. This study clearly shows the usefulness of the ESST approach to assess the biological effect of resuspension of estuarine sediments. 相似文献
9.
Elie Gaget Diego Pavón-Jordán Alison Johnston Aleksi Lehikoinen Wesley M. Hochachka Brett K. Sandercock Alaaeldin Soultan Hichem Azafzaf Nadjiba Bendjedda Taulant Bino Luka Božič Preben Clausen Mohamed Dakki Koen Devos Cristi Domsa Vitor Encarnação Kiraz Erciyas-Yavuz Sándor Faragó Teresa Frost Clemence Gaudard Lívia Gosztonyi Fredrik Haas Menno Hornman Tom Langendoen Christina Ieronymidou Vasiliy A. Kostyushin Lesley J. Lewis Svein-Håkon Lorentsen Leho Luigujõe Włodzimierz Meissner Tibor Mikuska Blas Molina Zuzana Musilová Viktor Natykanets Jean-Yves Paquet Nicky Petkov Danae Portolou Jozef Ridzoň Samir Sayoud Marko Šćiban Laimonas Sniauksta Antra Stīpniece Nicolas Strebel Norbert Teufelbauer Goran Topić Danka Uzunova Andrej Vizi Johannes Wahl Marco Zenatello Jon E. Brommer 《Conservation biology》2021,35(3):834-845
Climate warming is driving changes in species distributions and community composition. Many species have a so-called climatic debt, that is, shifts in range lag behind shifts in temperature isoclines. Inside protected areas (PAs), community changes in response to climate warming can be facilitated by greater colonization rates by warm-dwelling species, but also mitigated by lowering extirpation rates of cold-dwelling species. An evaluation of the relative importance of colonization-extirpation processes is important to inform conservation strategies that aim for both climate debt reduction and species conservation. We assessed the colonization-extirpation dynamics involved in community changes in response to climate inside and outside PAs. To do so, we used 25 years of occurrence data of nonbreeding waterbirds in the western Palearctic (97 species, 7071 sites, 39 countries, 1993–2017). We used a community temperature index (CTI) framework based on species thermal affinities to investigate species turnover induced by temperature increase. We determined whether thermal community adjustment was associated with colonization by warm-dwelling species or extirpation of cold-dwelling species by modeling change in standard deviation of the CTI (CTISD). Using linear mixed-effects models, we investigated whether communities in PAs had lower climatic debt and different patterns of community change than communities outside PAs. For CTI and CTISD combined, communities inside PAs had more species, higher colonization, lower extirpation, and lower climatic debt (16%) than communities outside PAs. Thus, our results suggest that PAs facilitate 2 independent processes that shape community dynamics and maintain biodiversity. The community adjustment was, however, not sufficiently fast to keep pace with the large temperature increases in the central and northeastern western Palearctic. Our results underline the potential of combining CTI and CTISD metrics to improve understanding of the colonization-extirpation patterns driven by climate warming. 相似文献
10.