生态经济论

本文按生态发展历史进程，论述了，论述了生态经济发展的必然性。     

竹炭-微生物联合法对沼液中氨氮的去除

采用竹炭-微生物联合法,考察了竹炭用量、菌液用量、进水氨氮浓度、pH、DO、HRT等因素对氨氮废水处理效果的影响;同时采用对比实验,初步探讨了竹炭-微生物联合法处理沼液的作用机理。结果表明,竹炭-微生物法去除沼液氨氮的最优条件推荐为:竹炭用量30 g/L,微生物活性液用量3%,pH 7.0～8.0,DO为2 mg/L,HRT为48 h。竹炭-微生物法对沼液氨氮的去除过程可用一级反应动力学模型C=272.56e-0.0148描述,其去除效果来源于竹炭吸附和生物降解的协同作用,协同程度为48.45%。     

冬季人工湿地工程对三氯生的去除效果

为了明确北方大规模人工湿地在冬季对TCS(三氯生)的去除效果,在山东省境内4个典型的大规模人工湿地(即武河人工湿地、大沙河人工湿地、新薛河人工湿地和洸府河人工湿地)内于冬季(2013年12月—2014年1月)进行取样,以超高效液相色谱串联质谱法测定人工湿地进出水中ρ(TCS),并分析不同湿地对TCS的去除效果. 结果表明:TCS在4个人工湿地系统进出水中均有检出,由于各人工湿地系统均承接当地污水处理厂尾水,冬季进水中ρ(TCS)偏高,为(800.81±83.37)~(1 151.00±47.13) ng/L,并以武河人工湿地为最高. 虽然人工湿地对TCS的去除率达22.44%~78.82%,但经由人工湿地处理后出水中仍含有较高浓度的TCS残留,经由人工湿地出水进入下游水体的TCS日释放量仍较高,其中洸府河人工湿地出水中高达92.60 g. 因此,冬季各人工湿地对TCS的去除效果在低温影响下有所降低,并且对下游水体和人类健康的威胁不容忽视.      

缅怀中国环境科学研究院环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室学术委员会副主任傅家谟院士

正2015年6月11日,中国地球化学学科奠基人、中国科学院院士、中国环境科学研究院环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室学术委员会副主任傅家谟先生因病医治无效在广州逝世。一位中国环境保护的学术泰斗、有机石油地球化学的奠基人与开拓者,温和可亲的谦谦长者离我们而去。听到这个悲痛的消息,不敢也不愿意相信。我与傅先生相识多年,这位亦师亦友的前辈像父亲一样给予我很多指导、关怀和帮助,回想与傅先生相识的点点滴滴,他满头白发、精神矍铄的音容笑貌仿佛又出现在我的眼前,永远无法忘怀。     

粮食安全：我国农业现代化的任务与标志

解决10多亿人吃饭问题是我国农业第一主题,是农业现代化的首要任务,而粮食安全水平是我国农业现代化的重要标志,因此,在我国农业现代化进程中,必须强化商品粮基地建设;不断提高种粮科学技术的经济效益、粮食转化效益,保护和改善粮食生产者和主产区经济利益和经济状况,建立健全国家粮食安全保障体系,提高我国粮食安全水平。     

Spatial-temporal analysis of wetland landscape pattern under the influence of artificial dykes in the Yellow River delta

The influence of anthropogenic activities,especially artificial dykes,on the coastal wetland landscape is now considered as a serious problem to the coastal ecosystem.It is important and necessary to analyze changes of coastal landscape pattern under the influence of artificial dykes for the protection and management of coastal wetland.Our study aimed to reveal the quantitative characteristics of the coastal wetland landscape and its spatial-temporal dynamics under the influence of artificial dykes in the Yellow River delta(YRD).It was analyzed by the methods of the statistical analysis of landscape structure,five selected landscape indices and the changes of spatial centroids of three typical wetland types,including reed marshes,tidal fiats and aquaculture-salt fields.The results showed that:(1)Reduction of wetland area,especially the degradation of natural wetlands,had been the principal problem since the dykes were constructed in the YRD.The dykes created conditions for the development of artificial wetlands.However,the new born artificial wetlands were still less than the vanished natural wetlands.(2)Compared with the open area,the building of artificial dykes significantly speeded up the changes of landscape patterns and the aggravation of the landscape fragmentation in the closed area.(3)The changes of area-weighted centroids of three typical wetland landscapes were greatly affected by dykes,and the movement of the centroid of the aquaculture-salt field was very sensitive to the dykes constructed in the corresponding period.     

Comprehensive Assessment and Promotion Policy of Producer Services’ Competitiveness in Beijing City:A Comparative Analysis among Beijing,Tianjin,Shanghai,Guangzhou and Shenzhen

The five central cities-Beijing,Tianjin,Shanghai,Guangzhou and Shenzhen-of the three most important strategic regions in China,namely Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei metropolitan region,the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta,are taken as a comparative analysis on urban producer services’ competitiveness,especially focusing on the comparative advantages and disadvantages of producer services in Beijing.Firstly,based on an integrated indicator system including one objective hierarchy,four standard hierarchies and 35 indicator hierarchies,the study applies factor analysis model and analytic hierarchy process model reformed by entropy technology to measure the comprehensive competitiveness of producer services in the above five cities.Secondly,Beijing has comparative advantages of capital resource,industrial base,scientific research resource and market scale,since it takes the first place of the five cities in the comprehensive competitiveness of producer services,the competitiveness of industrial development,business environment and living environment,only inferior to Shanghai in the competitiveness of talent capital.Thirdly,Beijing has comparative disadvantages in the level of producer services development,urban innovation capability and living environment.Finally,five proposals are put forth to enhance the competitiveness of producer services in Beijing,namely perfecting the system of laws and statutes,supporting the development of industry association,implementing scientific development planning,introducing preferential fiscal and taxation policies and strengthening human capital reserve.     

道路雨水径流溶解性有机物与重金属结合作用分析

为了解道路雨水径流溶解性有机物(DOM)与重金属的相互作用,采用荧光激发-发射矩阵光谱、超滤、离子选择电极法及红外光谱等技术对道路雨水径流溶解性有机物及其组分同Cu~(2+)、Pb~(2+)和Cd~(2+)的络合作用进行了研究.结果表明,道路雨水径流DOM与3种重金属离子的络合作用由强到弱依次是:Cu~(2+)Pb~(2+)Cd~(2+),4种分子量DOM组分与重金属之间均发生了络合反应,且DOM组分分子量越小,与重金属之间的络合作用越强.4个不同分子量区间的DOM组分与Cu~(2+)、Pb~(2+)和Cd~(2+)之间的络合作用由强到弱的顺序为:1 kDa组分、1~10 kDa组分、10~30kDa组分、30 kDa~0.45μm组分.     

溶解性有机质对罗红霉素光降解的影响研究

近年来,罗红霉素(ROX)因其用量大、检出频率高和生态风险大引起了广泛关注.本文主要研究了环境pH条件下不同的溶解性有机质(DOM),包括富里酸(PLFA)、腐殖酸(SRHA)和天然有机质(SRNOM)对罗红霉素光降解的影响及主要活性物种对其光降解的贡献.结果表明:纯水中罗红霉素可发生自敏化光降解,在pH 6～8条件下,罗红霉素光降解的一级反应速率常数为0.0033～0.0049 h~(-1).DOM促进了罗红霉素光降解,其促进效果从大到小为PLFASRNOMSRHA.DOM共存时罗红霉素光降解的反应速率常数随pH增加而增加,在pH 6时为0.0145～0.0266 h~(-1),在pH 8时为0.0273～0.0577 h~(-1).通过异丙醇淬灭实验发现,羟基自由基(·OH)对罗红霉素光降解起主要贡献,其贡献率在pH 6时为83.45%～98.70%,在pH 8时降低至76.76%～78.02%;3种DOM体系中产生的单态氧(~1O_2)的稳态浓度在(5.15～7.86)×10~(-14) mol·L~(-1)范围内;在pH 6、7和8的条件下,~1O_2与罗红霉素的二级反应速率常数分别为2.27×10~5、1.96×10~6和1.51×10~7 L·mol~(-1)·s~(-1).~1O_2对罗红霉素的光降解的贡献随pH升高而升高,在pH 6时为0.21%～0.43%,在pH 8时为4.85%～11.33%.