Evidence for the involvement of Fe(IV) in water treatment by Fe(III)-activated sulfite

Water contamination by emerging organic pollutants is calling for advanced methods of remediation such as iron-activated sulfite-based advanced oxidation. Sulfate radical, SO₄^??, and hydroxyl radical, ^?OH, are the primary reactive intermediates formed in the Fe(III)/sulfite system, yet the possible involvement of Fe(IV) produced from Fe(II) and persulfates is unclear. Here we explored the role of Fe(IV) in the Fe(III)/sulfite system by methyl phenyl sulfoxide (PMSO) probe assay, electron paramagnetic resonance spectra analysis, alcohol scavenging experiment, and kinetic simulation. Results show that PMSO is partially transformed into methyl phenyl sulfone (PMSO₂), thus evidencing Fe(IV) formation. The remaining degradation of PMSO is due to SO₄^?? and ^?OH. The contribution of Fe(IV) versus free radicals is progressively promoted when the Fe(III)-sulfite reaction proceeds, with an upper limit of 80–90%. The contribution of Fe(IV) versus free radicals increases with Fe(III) and sulfite dosages, and decreases with increasing pH. Overall, our findings demonstrate the involvement of Fe(IV) in the Fe-catalyzed sulfite auto-oxidation process.

     

新疆平原湖泊(包括人工湖)水质盐化及其防治途径

新疆平原湖泊、平原水库盐化日趋严重。湖泊、水库水质盐化对渔业、灌溉、苇产、饮水和人体健康带来很大影响。引起湖泊、水库水质盐化的原因,主要是人为活动造 水盐与水量平衡关系改变的结果。为防止水质盐化,必须减少农田排水泄入河道和湖泊、增加入湖水量,扭转湖泊水量平衡长期亏损状态。     

瘤胃微生物强化醋糟厌氧消化及其机制

针对醋糟中木质纤维素利用效率低的问题,通过接种瘤胃微生物可强化木质纤维素水解.采用逐步提升体系有机负荷的方式,考察瘤胃微生物生物强化对醋糟厌氧消化性能的提升效果,并运用绝对定量实时聚合酶链锁反应(Q-PCR)技术探究其微生物学强化机制.结果表明:长期连续运行成功塑造了高效的木质纤维素瘤胃强化体系.该体系的最高有机负荷达8.90 g/(L·d)(以VS计),是强化前的1.53倍,该有机负荷下半纤维素和纤维素降解率分别达73.9%和40.1%,单位质量底物沼气和甲烷产量相应地分别达到451和261 m L/g(以VS计),半纤维素和纤维素较高的降解率是该体系维持高产气性能的主要原因.生物相机制研究表明,瘤胃微生物强化体系中与木质纤维素水解密切相关的GH5(糖苷水解酶家族5)水解菌逐步富集,其基因拷贝数从初始的964×1010copies/g升至最高有机负荷下的6.83×1011copies/g,这是底物在高有机负荷下仍能被高效生物转化的根本原因.研究显示,瘤胃微生物的介入可有效强化体系底物的降解能力,促进醋糟产甲烷性能的提升.     

Fe-Mt三维粒子电极体系去除水中亚甲基蓝

以铁改性蒙脱石(Fe-Mt)制备粒子电极,探究了其在三维电极体系中的催化性能。通过SEM-EDS和XRD对Fe-Mt粒子电极进行了形貌和物相表征,分析了不同反应条件(pH、投加量、槽电压等)对亚甲基蓝去除率的影响,进一步通过自由基抑制实验、H₂O₂的产生量以及总溶解性铁离子浓度检测探讨了Fe-Mt粒子电极对亚甲基蓝的氧化去除机理。结果表明,Fe-Mt粒子电极能够拓宽pH的有效作用范围,在pH=3.0、电压为5 V、粒子电极投加量为10 g∙L⁻¹条件下,较二维电化学体系亚甲基蓝去除率提高了约25%。Fe-Mt粒子电极能够直接或间接催化H₂O₂以产生羟基自由基,并结合吸附-氧化降解耦合机制强化了亚甲基蓝去除率。以上研究结果可为拓宽以蒙脱石为基材的催化材料在高级氧化体系的应用提供参考。     

Colloid characterization and in situ release in shallow groundwater under different hydrogeology conditions

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Changes to groundwater hydrodynamics and chemistry can lead to colloid release that can have a major impact on the groundwater environment. To analyze...     

Combined effects of carbon nanotubes and cadmium on the photosynthetic capacity and antioxidant response of wheat seedlings

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - A detailed study of nanomaterials has revealed their broad application prospects. However, the presence of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in the environment...     

AnMBR处理高盐榨菜废水的运行效能及膜污染特性

为了解决高盐榨菜废水的处理问题,对厌氧膜生物反应器(anaerobic membrane reactor, AnMBR)处理高盐榨菜废水的3个运行阶段(盐度提升阶段、负荷提升阶段和排泥运行阶段)的消化性能和膜污染特性进行了研究。结果表明,当盐度由初始的12.9 g·L⁻¹逐渐升高到33.5 g·L⁻¹左右、且负荷维持在0.5~1.0 kg·(m³·d)⁻¹(以COD计)时,COD去除率及沼气产率随盐度的提升先下降后升高,最后分别稳定在75%和300 mL·g⁻¹(以COD计)以上,低负荷耐盐性驯化方式能够实现AnMBR的快速启动;当负荷逐渐增加约至7.6 kg·(m³·d)⁻¹时,COD去除率达到80%左右,沼气产率稳定在330~380 mL·g⁻¹,VFA/ALK始终低于0.15,这表明AnMBR对高盐榨菜废水具有良好的处理效果和较强的运行稳定性;在排泥运行阶段,AnMBR的COD去除率和沼气产率均有明显上升,分别达到83%和400 mL·g⁻¹左右,这表明排泥可以提高消化性能。此外,排泥有利于减缓膜污染。SEM-EDX表征结果表明,膜面污染物中存在大量的有机物和无机盐类晶体物质,工程应用中建议采用NaClO清洗+酸清洗的组合清洗方式。以上研究结果可以为高盐榨菜废水处理工业化应用提供参考。