抚顺生态城市建设的现状与措施

介绍生态平衡城市的基本条件及抚顺市在建设生态平衡型城市中的基本状况的基础上提出了相关的措施。根据归纳和调查目前抚顺市在经济发展的9项指标中只有2项，环境保护指标15项中只有8项满足生态平衡型城市方面的指标。这说明抚顺市在这方面还存在着很大差距，于是文中进一步提出了相关建议和措施。     

松山自然保护区的生态评价

松山国家级自然保护区是华北地区自然生态环境保存比较完好的暖温带山地生态系统其组成结构复杂,类型多样,面积４１５０．３ｈｍ＾２,拥有高等植物７８３种,高等动物１８４种,本研究通过建立３个层次的生态评价指标体系,运用指标赋分和加权平均法,对松山自然保护区进行了生态评价,结果认为,该保护区的保护价值较高,在华北地区乃至全国均有典型的代表意义,目前保护区的面积,结构及经营管理可以满足保护区持续发展要求。     

我国有机肥利用现状及合理利用的技术措施

总结了我国目前主要的有机肥的种类、利用方法及利用现状。根据我国目前土地的肥力状况及肥源状况，提出了我国今后肥料体系中有机肥合理利用的技术措施。     

Source,distribution, and health risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban street dust from Tianjin,China

To better assess and understand potential health risk of urban residents exposed to urban street dust, the total concentration, sources, and distribution of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in 87 urban street dust samples from Tianjin as a Chinese megacity that has undergone rapid urbanization were investigated. In the meantime, potential sources of PAHs were identified using the principal component analysis (PCA), and the risk of residents’ exposure to PAHs via urban street dust was calculated using the Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk (ILCR) model. The results showed that the total PAHs (∑PAHs) in urban street dust from Tianjin ranged from 538 μg kg^?1 to 34.3 mg kg^?1, averaging 7.99 mg kg^?1. According to PCA, the two to three- and four to six-ring PAHs contributed 10.3 and 89.7 % of ∑PAHs, respectively. The ratio of the sum of major combustion specific compounds (ΣCOMB)?/?∑PAHs varied from 0.57 to 0.79, averaging 0.64. The ratio of Ant/(Ant?+?Phe) varied from 0.05 to 0.41, averaging 0.10; Fla/(Fla?+?Pyr) from 0.40 to 0.68, averaging 0.60; BaA/(BaA?+?Chry) from 0.29 to 0.51, averaging 0.38; and IcdP/(IcdP?+?BghiP) from 0.07 to 0.37, averaging 0.22. The biomass combustion, coal combustion, and traffic emission were the main sources of PAHs in urban street dust with the similar proportion. According to the ILCR model, the total cancer risk for children and adults was up to 2.55?×?10^?5 and 9.33?×?10^?5, respectively.     

Toxic effect of tetracycline exposure on growth,antioxidative and genetic indices of wheat (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Triticum aestivum</Emphasis> L.)

Introduction  

More attention has been paid to tetracycline contamination in view of its rapid increasing concentration in the environment. Therefore, it is important to set up rapid, simple, and accurate methods for monitoring tetracycline ecotoxicity.     

两种兽药添加剂对蚯蚓的DNA损伤及其联合效应

采用土壤中的指示生物赤子爱胜蚓（Eisenia foetida）作为受试生物,研究了两种兽药添加剂四环素和金霉素对赤子爱胜蚓的急性毒性.结果表明：滤纸接触法染毒48h后,这两种兽药添加剂在所设最大受试剂量内没有引起蚯蚓死亡,半致死浓度LC50〉3.98×10^-2mg·cm^-2.应用彗星试验检测蚯蚓体腔细胞的DNA损...     

呼伦贝尔市环境问题现状及对策初探

通过对呼伦贝尔市自然条件、资源储备、生态环境的调查,分析该市在水环境、大气环境、固体废物排放以及生态环境等方面的污染现状,指出该市在环境保护方面所面临的问题,并选择适当的预测方案,预测在未来五年各类环境污染所带来的压力;探讨该市在水、大气、固废、生态环境等方面的优势及劣势,并在此基础上提出了解决对策。在环境规划中应该把握好经济发展与环境保护并重的方向,明确地方环境问题,有针对性地开展规划工作,重点地解决环境污染问题,因地制宜地开展环境保护与规划工作。     

Photosynthesis and biochemical responses to elevated O3 in Plantago major and Sonchus oleraceus growing in a lowland habitat of northern China

A field experiment was carried out to compare the responses to ozone(O_3) in two common herbaceous plant species, Plantago major L. and Sonchus oleraceus L., by building open-top growth chambers in situ to simulate O_3stress(+ O_3, 85 ± 5 ppb, 9 hr/day for 30 days) in a lowland habitat in Inner Mongolia, Northern China. Responses to O_3 of gas exchange,chlorophyll a fluorescence, leaf pigment content, antioxidant capability, soluble protein content, membrane lipid peroxidation and dark respiration(R_d) were analyzed. Results showed that elevated O_3 exposure significantly reduced the light-saturated net photosynthesis(P_(Nsat)), stomatal conductance(g_s) and transpiration rate(E) in both species. Although non-significant interactive effect between species and O_3 on P_(Nsat) was analyzed, the reduction in P_(Nsat) in S. oleraceus might be due primarily to the higher fraction of close PSII reaction centers and impaired activities of plant mesophyll cells as evidences by decreased maximum efficiency of PSII photochemistry after dark adapted state(F_v/F_m) and unchanged intercellular CO_2concentration(C_i). Besides, biochemical analysis showed that S. oleraceus had lower antioxidant ability compared to P. major. As a result, S. oleraceus was damaged to the larger extent in terms of lipid peroxidation and visible O_3 injury, indicating that S. oleraceus was more sensitive to O_3 than P. major. Our results indicated that wild herbaceous plant species growing in a lowland habitat in sandy grassland were sensitive to O_3 stress and S. oleraceus can be considered as one of the bio-indicators for high O_3 concentration in semi-arid grassland of northern China.     

关于GB25037-2010《工矿靴》标准和HG／T2401—1992标准的探讨

本文主要介绍了GB25037-2010和HG／T2401—1992的区别．并对GB25037-2010提出一些修改意见。     

我国主要城市大气重金属的污染水平及分布特征

为研究我国城市大气中重金属(As、Cd、Cr、Mn、Ni和Pb)的污染水平及空间分布特征,通过CNKI、万方、维普、Science Direct、Google Scholar和PubMed等数据库检索并收集于2000—2014年10月期间发表的关于我国城市大气中重金属质量浓度的文献. 按照拟定的筛选标准筛选出59篇文献纳入分析研究,共涉及29个省(区、直辖市)53个城市,有效样本量大于5 863个. 其中,大气重金属质量浓度均以PM₁₀(采样测定结果)计. 结果表明:我国城市大气中ρ(As)、ρ(Cd)、ρ(Cr)、ρ(Mn)、ρ(Ni)和ρ(Pb)分别为27.7、14.1、60.9、220、37.5和290 ng/m3,均超过GB 3095—2012《环境空气质量标准》、欧盟《空气质量标准》和WHO(World Health Organization,世界卫生组织)《欧洲空气质量指南》中相应重金属质量浓度的年均标准限值或参考限值. 我国城市大气重金属污染主要分布在北方的京津冀、环渤海地区以及南方的珠江三角洲地区. 其中,Cd污染多分布在南方城市,Mn污染主要集中在华北和华东地区,As、Cr、Ni、Pb 4种重金属没有明显的空间分布特征. 大气中As、Cd、Cr、Ni、Mn和Pb的主要来源是化石燃料燃烧、金属冶炼以及交通废气排放等,其中煤炭等化石燃料的燃烧是其共同的污染来源.