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排序方式: 共有121条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Wan Soo Kim Seong Jin Yoon Jong Wook Kim Jung Ah Lee Tae Won Lee 《Marine Biology》2006,149(5):1209-1215
Diadromous fish often enter freshwater directly from seawater via fish ladders or channels built in estuarine dams. The oxygen consumption rates (OCR) of glass eel, Anguilla japonica, were determined using an automatic intermittent flow respirometer under various salinity and temperature regimes to physiologically explain this direct movement. The endogenous rhythm of the OCR in wild glass eels, freshly collected from estuaries, was nearly synchronous with the tidal pattern at the estuarine collection site. When the salinity was changed from 20 psu (12°C) at a constant temperature to that of freshwater, the OCR of the glass eels decreased by 21.6±7.0% (mean ± SD) (P<0.05), showing a dampened rhythm for about 48 h. After this period of impediment, the glass eels resumed normal metabolic activity. Direct migration from seawater to freshwater under constant temperature would result in a severe physiological stress for these glass eels for about two days. When the glass eels were exposed to a cyclic change in water temperature of 2°C 26 h−1, as they encounter in estuaries, and then were introduced to freshwater abruptly, the OCR rhythm corresponded to the cyclic changes in water temperature after exposure to freshwater. Under these conditions, the mean OCR of the glass eels had a small difference before and after exposure to freshwater. These data explained how glass eels can directly move from sea water into the freshwater without any apparent metabolic stress in the estuaries showing cyclic change in water temperature (Δt=2°C). 相似文献
2.
Comparative evaluation of bioenergy production from food waste was carried out with both a temperature-phased and a conventional mesophilic two-phased process at different organic loading rates (OLRs). No methane was detected in the temperature-phased thermophilic-acidogenic fermenter at all the OLRs tested. However, a significant amount of methane content was detected in the conventional two-phased mesophilic-acidogenic fermenter, with increments depending on the organic loading rate [from 17% at 3 g VS L(-1) day(-1) to 25% at 8 g VS L(-1) day(-1) (VS, volatile solid)]. Acetate and butyrate were the main volatile fatty acids (VFAs) in the temperature-phased thermophilic-acidogenic fermenter; conversely propionate was a major VFA in the conventional two-phased mesophilic-acidogenic fermenter. Through the chemical oxygen demand (COD) balance of both temperature-phased and conventional mesophilic two-phased processes, the fraction of the feed-COD converted to the hydrogen-COD in the thermophilic-acidogenic fermenter within the former process was estimated from 7.9 to 9.3%, with a peak at ORL of 6 g VS L(-1) day(-1), whereas it was quantified from 0.3 to 0.9% in the mesophilic-acidogenic fermenter within the latter one. Moreover, the fraction of the feed-COD converted to the methane-COD in the mesophilic-acidogenic fermenter within the conventional two-phased process ranged from 5.4 to 7.9%. On the other hand, conversion of the feed-COD to the methane-COD in the mesophilic-methanogenic fermenter of both temperature-phased and conventional mesophilic two-phased processes ranged from 66.2 to 72.3% and from 63.5 to 70.5%, respectively, with decrements related to the increase of organic loading rate. 相似文献
3.
Yin Fun Yik Chye Peng Ong Soo Beng Khoo Hian Kee Lee Sam Fong Yau Li 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》1991,19(1-3):73-81
The effect of varying SDS concentration in a micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatographic system (MECC) is investigated. In addition, the introduction of -cyclodextrin as modifier to the electrophoretic medium, containing SDS and a phosphate-borate buffer, is shown to give satisfactory separation of the seven selected PAHs. The separation efficiency is increased with the addition of -cyclodextrin. 相似文献
4.
Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DL-PCBs) were measured in ambient air samples collected from different parts of South Korea in 2008, and the measured levels were used for assessing the spatial and temporal distribution of atmospheric PCDDFs and DL-PCBs in South Korea. The average concentrations of atmospheric PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs among the 37 sites were 28 fg I-TEQ m−3 (ND ∼ 617) and 1 fg WHO-TEQ m−3 (ND ∼ 0.016). Elevated atmospheric levels of PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs observed at residential/industrial sites and in the north-west of Korea, indicated a potential contribution and impacts of anthropogenic sources of PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs. These levels were similar or lower than those previously reported in other ambient air surveys. Average concentrations of PCDD/Fs showed small seasonal variations (ANOVA analysis, p = 0.144). The highest concentrations of PCDD/Fs were observed during winter, followed by spring, autumn and summer. Atmospheric PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs in South Korea rapidly decreased during the last 10 years (1998-2008), demonstrating the efficiency of stricter regulations and the application of best available technologies/best environmental practices at emission sources. Comparison of the congener profiles and principal component analysis showed that current atmospheric PCDD/Fs are mostly influenced by industrial sources and PCBs from old commercial PCB uses. Nationwide POPs monitoring will continue and allows an effective evaluation of the implementation of the Stockholm Convention on POPs. 相似文献
5.
Performance of an electrochemical COD (chemical oxygen demand) sensor with an electrode-surface grinding unit 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Geun Jeong B Min Yoon S Ho Choi C Koang Kwon K Sik Hyun M Heui Yi D Soo Park H Kim M Joo Kim H 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2007,9(12):1352-1357
An electrochemical COD (chemical oxygen demand) sensor using an electrode-surface grinding unit was investigated. The electrolyzing (oxidizing) action of copper on an organic species was used as the basis of the COD measuring sensor. Using a simple three-electrode cell and a surface grinding unit, the organic species is activated by the catalytic action of copper and oxidized at a working electrode, poised at a positive potential. When synthetic wastewater was fed into the system, the measured Coulombic yields were found to be dependent on the COD of the synthetic wastewater. A linear correlation between the Coulombic yields and the COD of the synthetic wastewater was established (10-1000 mg L(-1)) when the electrode-surface grinding procedure was activated briefly at 8 h intervals. When various kinds of wastewater samples obtained from various sewage treatment plants were measured, linear correlations (r(2)> or = 0.92) between the measured EOD (electrochemical oxygen demand) value and COD of the samples were observed. At a practical wastewater treatment plant, the measurement system was successfully operated with high accuracy and good stability over 3 months. These experimental results show that the application of the measurement system would be a rapid and practical method for the determination of COD in water industries. 相似文献
6.
Kim KH Mishra VK Kang CH Choi KC Kim YJ Kim DS Youn YH Lee JH 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2006,121(1-3):379-397
In the present study, the distribution patterns of various metals were analyzed and compared using PM samples collected concurrently from three monitoring sites located in Korea (Seoul, Busan, and Jeju island) in December 2002. As these sites can represent metal pollution with different degrees of anthropogenic activities, their concentration levels were distinguished in a systematic manner in the order of Jeju, Busan, and Seoul. By comparing the present data sets with those measured previously from other locations in Korea and around the world, we attempted to diagnose the general status of elemental pollution on the Korean peninsula. Through an application of different statistical approaches, the major processes controlling elemental levels were assessed for each of the three study sites. The results indicated the importance of both crustal and anthropogenic sources in all sites with their relative roles varying significantly from each other. The results of the metal analysis data, when examined in relation to back trajectory analysis, confirmed that their concentration changes are affected quite sensitively with air mass movement patterns. The overall results of this study consistently indicated the contribution of a strong anthropogenic source area (e.g., China) to the observed metal concentration levels in the study area, but the strengths of such signals vary considerably across the Korean peninsula. 相似文献
7.
8.
The possibility of using coal fly ash as a silica source for alkali borosilicate glass was investigated. Alkali borosilicate glasses were prepared from the coal fly ash mixed with 30 wt.% reagents composed of Na(2)O and B(2)O(3) by susceptor-induction heating. Their densities ranged from 2.24 to 2.55 g cm(-3) and decreased as the amount of B(2)O(3) addition increased. However, the Vickers microhardness showed a different tendency with the density since the glass network connectivity improved by boron anomaly, which was identified by a nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. The Vickers microhardness of the glass product, with the addition of 15 wt.% B(2)O(3) and 15 wt.% Na(2)O, was about 4030 MPa. Furthermore, the changes in microstructure were consistent with those in the chemical stability by the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP). 相似文献
9.
Yoo JH Shin SW Kim JS Kim CB Kim JS Koh SC 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2007,42(4):373-379
A new differential display-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method based on annealing control primers was used to screen and identify potential biomarkers from differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in medaka exposed to sub-lethal concentration of diazinon (100 ppb). Among the differentially expressed genes identified, the majority were in functional categories of protein biosynthesis, transport and metabolism according to the gene ontology classification. The differential expression of ribosomal protein genes was quantified by real time PCR. The genes encoding ribosomal proteins including L3 and S17 were selected as potential biomarkers for diazinon exposure in medaka fish. 相似文献
10.
Cheol Min Lee Soo Jong Hong Yoon Shin Kim Gee Yong Park Sun Ju Nam Goung Kyung Hwan Kim 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(2):1146-1152
This research has been conducted continuously since 2009 as part of a cohort of studies examining relationships between asthma and genetic factors, dietary habits, and environmental factors. Based on data from environmental research on house dust mites and endotoxins, which are widely known as pollutants in bedding that cause asthma in pregnant women and children, this work was conducted to obtain basic data that can be used in future cohort studies that analyze links between distribution of biological hazards and physical features of residential environments. The detection rates of house dust mite allergens, Der p1 and Der f1, were 52.7 and 86.5 %, respectively, indicating that Der f1 is a dominant species in domestic indoor environments. According to comparisons between concentrations of house dust mites and endotoxins in bedding of pregnant women and children, Der p1 and endotoxins showed significantly lower concentrations in bedding of pregnant women compared with those in bedding of children, whereas Der f1 showed no significant difference in concentration according to bedding. 相似文献