Relation between some variations of soil and surface vegetatio and desertization in agriculture-pasture interlacing zone an example from Kangbao County,North Hebei,China

The studied agriculture-pasture interlacing zone has its specific natural conditions,at which the natural systems are unstable ,their self-regulation capability is low and the equilibrium is easily broken, and hence the habitat is fairly vulnerable.During last 20 years the increasing population and livestock ,over-reclamation,over-pasturing,over-deforesting, and other intensified negative human activities in the zone resulted in coarsening of surface soil,decrease of organic mater content in soil, reduction of vegetation coverage ,variation and degradation of flora structure, and hence in desertization of the land, although average of gales and sandstorms some decreased and the climate tended to be better in the region.However, the frequent sandstorms occurring in the springs of last and present years has attracted much attention.Investigations confirmed that the main cause for the phenomena is the unreasonable human activites rater than the natural factors.     

Composition analysis and application of degradation products of whole feathers through a large scale of fermentation

Purpose

Feathers are one of the most abundant bioresources. They are discarded as waste in most cases and could cause environmental pollution. On the other hand, keratin constituted by amino acids is the main component of feathers. In this article, we reported on biorefined feathers and integrants and application of degraded products.

Materials and methods

The fermentation of whole chicken feathers with Stenotrophomonas maltophilia DHHJ in a scale-up of a 5-L bioreactor was investigated in this article. The fermentation process was controlled at 0.08 MPa pressure, 2.5 L/min airflow, and 300 rpm as 100% oxygen saturation level, 40°C, and pH 7.8.

Results

Feathers were almost completely degraded in the tested fermentation reaction with the following conditions: 80 g of whole feathers in 3 L fermentation broth for 72 h, seed age of 16 h, 100 mL inoculation amount, and 50% oxygen saturation level. The degraded products contain 397.1 mg/L soluble protein that has mass weight ranging from 10 to 160 kD, 336.9 mg/L amino acids, and many kinds of metal ions. The fermentation broth was evaluated as leaf fertilizer and found to increase plant growth to 82% or 66% for two- or fourfold dilutions, respectively. In addition, in a hair care assay, the broth showed a hair protective function by increasing weight, flexibility, and strength of the treated hair.

Conclusions

The whole feathers were degraded completely by S. maltophilia DHHJ. The degraded product includes many factors to life, such as peptides, amino acids, and mineral elements. It could be applied as leaf fertilizer and hair care product.     

淮河中下游洪泽湖水域动态变化研究

近年来,随着人口的增长和经济的发展,湖泊水域面积日益缩小,不仅影响了湖泊调蓄洪水的能力,也造成了湖泊生态环境与生物资源的破坏及湖泊水环境质量的下降。以淮河中下游洪泽湖为例,通过收集洪泽湖地区1930～2001年不同时期的地形图和遥感影像数据,在地理信息系统(GIS)与遥感(RS)技术的支持下对洪泽湖地区70多a来水域动态变化特征进行研究。研究结果表明：1930～1961年,洪泽湖面积减少了130.3 km2,年均递减率为0.23%;1961～1971年,洪泽湖面积减少了31.99 km2,年均递减率为0.17%;1971～2001年,洪泽湖面积减少了154.93 km2,年均递减率为0.3%;1930～2001年,洪泽湖面积减少了317.22 km2,减少了1930年总面积的16.92%,年均递减率0.24%。洪泽湖水域面积变化主要集中在湖的西部和东北部的湿地沼泽处。同时应用分形理论中的计盒维数及基于岸线发育系数方法,对洪泽湖1971～2001年30 a来湖泊岸线变化进行了定量分析,研究结果显示：30 a来,洪泽湖的岸线曲折度降低,岸线长度减少,岸线结构趋于单调。岸线曲折率下降与该时期洪泽湖的滩地围垦、水利建设等人类经济活动对湖泊形态的改变有密切关系,沿湖兴修水利工程,联圩并圩以及围湖垦殖等人类活动对洪泽湖岸线的演变起到了不可低估的作用,加速了湖泊岸线的演化进程,导致湖泊岸线的计盒分形维数值降低。湖泊水域动态变化是自然因素和人类活动综合作用的结果,人类活动的作用更为突出,针对湖泊水域日益减少的现状,在以上结果分析及实地调查的基础上,对如何合理利用与保护洪泽湖水资源、水环境进行了探讨,以实现湖泊资源的持续利用和湖区社会经济的可持续发展。〖     

CO2 capture by ionic liquid membrane absorption for reduction of emissions of greenhouse gas

Environmental Chemistry Letters - Aqueous amines are the most commonly used CO2 absorbents. But they have many shortcomings such as volatile loss, thermal degradation, corrosivity and wetting on...