Dissipation,residues, and risk assessment of imidacloprid in Zizania latifolia and purple sweet potato under field conditions using LC-MS/MS

A shortened version of Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe method (QuEChERS) for determining the dissipation and residue of imidacloprid present in Zizania latifolia and purple sweet potato was established by using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The average recoveries of imidacloprid in the two crops ranged from 82.12 to 113.79%, with relative standard deviation (RSD) of <7.32%. The dissipation dynamics of imidacloprid in Z. latifolia plants and purple sweet potato plants followed first-order kinetics, with half-lives of 3.2–5.5?days in each of sampling locations. The terminal imidacloprid residues in Z. latifolia and purple sweet potato at each of location were <0.005–0.120?mg kg^?1. According to the risk assessment results, both the acute dietary risk quotient and chronic dietary risk quotient values were <1, indicating that imidacloprid is unlikely to pose health risks to humans with normal recommended use. The present study may serve as a valuable reference for the safe and reasonable use of imidacloprid in Z. latifolia and purple sweet potato fields.     

Biosorption properties of Cd(II), Pb(II), and Cu(II) of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) extracted from Aspergillus fumigatus and determined by polarographic method

Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) were extracted from Aspergillus fumigatus using cationic exchange resin technique. The EPS were mainly composed of polysaccharide and low quantities of protein and nucleic acid. Biosorption of Cd(II), Pb(II), and Cu(II) of EPS was investigated as a function of pH using differential pulse polarography and the Ruzic model. Results showed that the EPS biosorption capacity determined using either the direct titration curves i?=?f(C _M) or the method proposed by Ruzic (Analytica Chimica Acta 140:99–113, 1982) were coincident. Cu(II) had the highest affinity with EPS followed by Pb(II) and Cd(II). The total number of binding sites for Cu(II) and Cd(II) increased with pH in the range of 4.0–7.0. Similar trend was observed for Pb(II) at pH?4.0–5.0, while precipitates were observed at pH?6.0 and 7.0. The conditional binding constants of these three metals displayed low levels of fluctuation with pH and ranged from 4.02?±?0.02 to 5.54?±?0.05.     

污染土壤中重金属生物有效性的植物指示法研究

污染土壤中重金属生物活性的判断是污染土壤修复的关键所在。植物指示法是近年来发展起来的判断污染土壤中重金属生物可利用性的一种经济简便且可靠的方法。综述了近年来国内外科研工作者在重金属污染程度的植物指示方面所做的工作，重点阐述了用指示植物监测环境污染以及指示植物的选择问题。     

农田包气带土层的脱氮防护探讨

施用氮肥是农业增产的重要手段,广施氮肥易引起包气带土层和地下水中的氮素污染,开展有关包气带土层中的氮素转化、消散以及脱氮防护的相关工作具有重要意义.选择河北山前平原较典型的包气带土层,依托野外试验田区构建的原状渗透土层系统和室内构建的一系列移位原状土柱系统,探索采用向这些土层中施入一定的硝态氮溶液,及配合同步测定土壤的...     

电絮凝技术处理洗车废水试验

采用电絮凝技术处理洗车废水,以保证处理后出水能够循环利用。考察电流密度、初始pH值、NaCl浓度及电解时间等操作因素对COD与浊度去除效果的影响。结果表明,在最佳处理条件下,出水达到生活杂用水水质标准;另外,去除COD过程符合一级动力学模型,去除单位浓度COD产生4.02×10-3kg湿污泥、3.10×10-4kg干污泥。     

强力霉素废水中特征污染物含量与COD的相关性研究

根据强力霉素废水组成的特殊性,研究了强力霉素废水中特征污染物对甲基苯磺酸、磺基水杨酸、甲醇、乙醇的含量与COD之间的相关性,确定了COD与上述特征污染物含量间的相关关系,并测定了它们在特定条件下的氧化率,真实反映了有机污染状况,为进一步研究废水治理方案、实施污染物目标总量控制、促进企业环境质量管理提供了基础数据。     

接枝羧基壳聚糖的合成及其对重金属离子的吸附性能

以壳聚糖为基体,经环氧氯丙烷交联,制备了水不溶性交联壳聚糖,然后以Ｆｅ＾２＋－Ｈ２Ｏ２为引发剂,将丙烯腈单体接枝到ＣＣＴＳ分子骨架上,经皂化制得了水溶性接枝羧基壳聚糖聚合物。     

油菜硒的富集特征及其与土壤硒的关系

为系统研究油菜对硒的富集特征及其与土壤硒形态间的关系,采用人工添加外源硒(0、0.5、5.0 mg·kg~(-1)土壤)的方式,构建了土壤含不同浓度硒的大田实验系统.测定了成熟期油菜不同部位硒总量、籽粒中有机小分子硒化合物及根际土壤中各形态硒的含量.明确了硒在油菜体内的富集特征;分析了籽粒中硒含量同其他组织部位及土壤硒含量间的关系;深入解析了土壤各形态硒对油菜硒的贡献.结果表明,随土壤硒浓度的增加,由根部向地上部转移的硒的比例增大;土壤高浓度(5.0 mg·kg~(-1))硒处理下,更大比例的硒富集于角果壳和籽粒中;硒代蛋氨酸、硒代半胱氨酸是籽粒中主要形态的有机小分子硒化合物;各浓度硒处理土壤中,均以铁锰氧化物结合态为主,占土壤总硒的87.24%~97.40%;籽粒硒含量与其他组织部位硒及土壤硒含量呈显著相关;茎干中硒与根系中硒含量呈正相关,而茎干中硒又是角果壳硒的主要贡献因子,茎干和角果壳硒对籽粒硒具有同等贡献.研究结果明确了油菜对硒的富集特征及其与土壤硒形态间的关系,有助于通过土壤中硒形态和植物营养器官中硒含量来评估籽粒中硒含量.     

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in benthos of the northern Bering Sea Shelf and Chukchi Sea Shelf

Eighteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) were detected in benthos collected onboard the ‘Snow Dragon’ in the Northern Bering Sea Shelf and Chukchi Sea Shelf during the 6 th Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition(CHINARE 2014). 18 PAHs for all biota samples ranged from 34.2 to 128.1 ng/g dry weight(dw), with the highest concentration observed in fish muscle( Boreogadus saida) samples close to St. Lawrence Island. The PAH composition pattern was dominated by the presence of lighter 3 r...