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2.
The de-O-sulphation of α-linked glucosamine-6-sulphate residues in heparan sulphate requires a specific sulphatase, glucosamine-6-sulphatase, which has been shown to be deficient in tissues of Sanfilippo D, or mucopolysaccharidosis type IIID (MPS IIID), patients. MPS IIID fibroblasts cultured in Basal Eagle's medium supplemented with either fetal calf serum or heat-inactivated fetal calf serum, MDCB or Ultraserg media had residual glucosarnine-6-sulphatase activities towards a heparin-derived trisaccharide substrate, O-(α-N-acetylglucosamine-6-sulphate)-(1→4)-L -O-(α-iduronic acid-2-sulphate)-(1→4)-D -O-2,5-anhydro [1-3H]mannitol-6-sulphate, GlcNAc6S-IdoA2S-anM6S, which were less than 1 per cent of the normal range for fibroblasts cultured in Basal Eagle's medium supplemented with fetal calf serum. However, the glucosamine-6-sulphatase activities of MPS IIID fibroblasts grown in Chang's medium were similar to the activities in normal control fibroblasts which were cultured in Basal Eagle's medium. These results indicate that caution is required for prenatal diagnosis of MPS IIID patients using chorionic villi or amniotic cells cultured in Chang's medium. 相似文献
3.
van Heezik Yolanda Freeman Claire Davidson Katherine Lewis Blake 《Environmental management》2020,66(1):42-55
Environmental Management - Activities undertaken by householders in their gardens have huge potential to enhance city-wide biodiversity, but programs aimed at activating householders require an... 相似文献
4.
A comprehensive review of climate adaptation in the United States: more than before, but less than needed 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Rosina Bierbaum Joel B. Smith Arthur Lee Maria Blair Lynne Carter F. Stuart Chapin III Paul Fleming Susan Ruffo Missy Stults Shannon McNeeley Emily Wasley Laura Verduzco 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2013,18(3):361-406
We reviewed existing and planned adaptation activities of federal, tribal, state, and local governments and the private sector in the United States (U.S.) to understand what types of adaptation activities are underway across different sectors and scales throughout the country. Primary sources of review included material officially submitted for consideration in the upcoming 2013 U.S. National Climate Assessment and supplemental peer-reviewed and grey literature. Although substantial adaptation planning is occurring in various sectors, levels of government, and the private sector, few measures have been implemented and even fewer have been evaluated. Most adaptation actions to date appear to be incremental changes, not the transformational changes that may be needed in certain cases to adapt to significant changes in climate. While there appear to be no one-size-fits-all adaptations, there are similarities in approaches across scales and sectors, including mainstreaming climate considerations into existing policies and plans, and pursuing no- and low-regrets strategies. Despite the positive momentum in recent years, barriers to implementation still impede action in all sectors and across scales. The most significant barriers include lack of funding, policy and institutional constraints, and difficulty in anticipating climate change given the current state of information on change. However, the practice of adaptation can advance through learning by doing, stakeholder engagements (including “listening sessions”), and sharing of best practices. Efforts to advance adaptation across the U.S. and globally will necessitate the reduction or elimination of barriers, the enhancement of information and best practice sharing mechanisms, and the creation of comprehensive adaptation evaluation metrics. 相似文献
5.
Scholz C. Jones T. G. West M. Ehbair A. M. S. Dunn C. Freeman C. 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2016,23(18):18192-18199
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The objective of this study was to monitor a newly constructed wetland (CW) in north Wales, UK, to assess whether it contributes to an improvement in... 相似文献
6.
N.C.G. Freeman T. Wainman P.J. Lioy A.H. Stern S.I. Shupack 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(8):604-605
Honorary Memberships are conferred by the Air Pollution Control Association on persons of widely recognized eminence in some part of the field of air pollution control or who have rendered especially meritorious service to the Association. Honorary Memberships were awarded this year to Dr. Leonard Greenburg and Mr. Milton Reizenstein, both past presidents of APCA. 相似文献
7.
Globally, the issue of energy use and climate change is at the forefront of many national and international agendas, and also an issue central to children's lives and well-being. This paper examines how children are both affected by and contribute to the problems associated with unsustainable energy use as it relates to the growth of car dependent lives. The paper presents the findings of a study of travel as it relates to the everyday lives of children in the city of Dunedin in New Zealand. The study found that children currently lead complex car dependent lives. This extensive car reliance presents a serious and largely unrecognised challenge to the sustainable planning and management of the urban environment. The move towards more sustainable transportation can bring benefits for both the environment and for children's lives. 相似文献
8.
River damming provides a dominant human impact on river environments worldwide, and while local impacts of reservoir flooding
are immediate, subsequent ecological impacts downstream can be extensive. In this article, we assess seven research strategies
for analyzing the impacts of dams and river flow regulation on riparian ecosystems. These include spatial comparisons of (1)
upstream versus downstream reaches, (2) progressive downstream patterns, or (3) the dammed river versus an adjacent free-flowing
or differently regulated river(s). Temporal comparisons consider (4) pre- versus post-dam, or (5) sequential post-dam conditions.
However, spatial comparisons are complicated by the fact that dams are not randomly located, and temporal comparisons are
commonly limited by sparse historic information. As a result, comparative approaches are often correlative and vulnerable
to confounding factors. To complement these analyses, (6) flow or sediment modifications can be implemented to test causal
associations. Finally, (7) process-based modeling represents a predictive approach incorporating hydrogeomorphic processes
and their biological consequences. In a case study of Hells Canyon, the upstream versus downstream comparison is confounded
by a dramatic geomorphic transition. Comparison of the multiple reaches below the dams should be useful, and the comparison
of Snake River with the adjacent free-flowing Salmon River may provide the strongest spatial comparison. A pre- versus post-dam
comparison would provide the most direct study approach, but pre-dam information is limited to historic reports and archival
photographs. We conclude that multiple study approaches are essential to provide confident interpretations of ecological impacts
downstream from dams, and propose a comprehensive study for Hells Canyon that integrates multiple research strategies. 相似文献
9.
Brad Muise Dong-Chul Seo E. Earl Blair Trent Applegate 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2010,163(1-4):95-104
A pilot study was conducted to estimate fungal spore penetration for wall service outlets subjected to a constant air pressure. During the laboratory experiment, a wall chamber was fabricated, and telephone, electrical, and cable service outlets were installed. Penicillium chrysogenum spores were aerosolized into the chamber that was held under pressure. Spores that penetrated the outlets were funneled into an impinger for microscopic enumeration. Thirty trials were conducted for each of the five outlets (N?= 150), and the wall chamber was decontaminated between trials. Results of an analysis of variance suggest wall service outlets allow spore penetration. The penetration factor for the telephone outlet was significantly greater than all other outlets (p?< 0.05), and there was no difference in penetration between electrical outlets with and without plugs. Penetration factor differences were attributed to air leakage rates across the outlets. Due to the experimental design and equipment limitations, further research is needed to support these findings. 相似文献
10.
Harry M. Freeman Robert A. Olexsey 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(1):67-75
The 1984 Amendments to the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), called the Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments, (HSWA) direct the EPA to determine if dioxin bearing wastes should be prohibited from landfills. This determination is to made by November 1986. Barring a determination by the Agency that the land disposal of dioxin wastes does not represent a threat to the environment, ot that appropriate alternative treatment technology is not available, a land disposal prohibition would go into effect at that time.1 The purpose of this paper is to discuss the state of the art for several treatment processes for dioxin wastes that have been proposed to be used instead of land disposal for disposing of solid and liquid wastes containing dioxins. 相似文献