2005-2019年我国重特大安全生产事故特征分析

为探究我国重特大安全生产事故特征,选取2005-2019年国内852起重特大事故作为研究对象,基于Python编程语言针对重特大事故发生的年份、季度、月份、工作日与非工作日、地域特征进行分析.结果表明:2005-2019年,国内重特大安全生产事故起数和死亡人数均在不断下降;第四季度发生重特大事故最多,而第三季度平均每起事故造成的死亡人数最多;重特大事故数量和死亡人数随月份显示出反复波动的趋势,均呈现3个"^",形;工作日期间发生的重特大事故数量最多,非工作日平均事故率最大;国庆节是重特大事故发生最多的节假日;贵州、湖南、山西、云南、河南等省份"十四五"期间需要重点加强安全和应急管理.     

Introduced and cryptogenic species in Port Phillip Bay, Victoria, Australia

Port Phillip Bay (PPB) is a large (1,930 km²), temperate embayment in southern Victoria, Australia. Extensive bay-wide surveys of PPB have occurred since 1840. In 1995/1996 the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) Centre for Research on Introduced Marine Pests (CRIMP) undertook an intensive evaluation of the region with the aims of developing a comprehensive species list of native and introduced biota and contrasting previous bay-wide assessments with a current field survey in order to detect new incursions and discern alterations to native communities. Two methods were used to meet these aims: a re-evaluation of regional museum collections and published research in PPB to identify and determine the timing of introductions; and field surveys for benthic (infauna, epifauna and encrusting) organisms between September 1995 to March 1996. One hundred and sixty introduced (99) and cryptogenic (61) species were identified representing over 13% of the recorded species of PPB. As expected, the majority of these are concentrated around the shipping ports of Geelong and Melbourne. Invasions within PPB appear to be increasing, possibly due to an increase in modern shipping traffic and an increase in aquaculture (historically associated with incidental introductions); however the records of extensive biological surveys suggest that this may, in part, be an artefact of sampling effort. In contrast to Northern Hemisphere studies, PPB (and Southern Hemisphere introductions in general) have significantly different suites of successfully invading taxa. PPB is presented as one of the most invaded marine ecosystems in the Southern Hemisphere.Communicated by M.S. Johnson, Crawley     

跨行政区域水污染纠纷的对策探讨——剖析某水域水污染死鱼事故

针对某乡镇企业十分发达地区的跨行政(市县)区域水污染死鱼事故的剖析，本文提出了处理解决跨行政区域水污染纠纷事故的若干对策建议。     

Effect of Habitat Fragmentation and Isolation on the Population of Alpine Musk Deer

The alpine musk deer (Moschus chrysogaster) is a key species of some terrestrial ecosystems, it has an important economic and conservative significance as a kind of medical animal in China. Due to the interaction between natural forces and human disturbance, the habitats of alpine musk deer are fragmented and isolated in different mountains and the populations are confronted with many problems of survival. In this paper, we discuss the impact of habitat fragmentation and isolation on alpine musk deer populations based on the investigation on the population densities and sizes and environmental factors in different reserves, as well as on the analysis of its ecological adaptability. We found that the alpine musk deer has strong ecological adaptability; the population development of alpine musk deer may benefit from the reduction of the forest area and even from the fragmentation and isolation of the habitat to a certain extent. However, deforestion should not be encouraged only for the alpine musk deer population, but should also be based on the overall consideration of biodiversity conservation.     

不同来源土样胶体对氯霉素吸附行为的影响

选取不同来源沉积物或土壤样品（沉积物A1和A2,天然土壤B1和B2,市售营养土B3）,采用切向超滤与多种纳米分析技术相结合的方法,分析了不同土样中胶体的理化特征及其对氯霉素（CAP）吸附行为的影响.荧光区域积分法结果显示,土样胶体的荧光组分以色氨酸类蛋白质、类富里酸和类腐殖酸为主,络氨酸类蛋白质和溶解性微生物代谢物质存在较少.吸附实验结果表明,B3胶体对CAP的吸附率最大（36.25%）,在胶体浓缩液和超滤液中的分配比例最高（1.91）,但其有机碳归一化结合系数最低（3.93）.与天然土壤相比,河湖沉积物胶体的吸附率较高,但其与CAP的结合能力却较低.冗余分析结果表明,胶体对CAP的吸附主要与其芳香度、有色溶解性有机质丰度、溶解性有机碳浓度及分子量有关;此外,胶体的腐殖化程度、芳环上羧基、羰基等官能团的比重及荧光物质中溶解性微生物代谢产物和类腐殖酸对CAP的吸附行为也具有较大影响.     

广东省沿岸海域藻华发生的时空特征

本文收集了1980—2017年广东省沿岸藻华发生数据,并进行了系统分析,结果表明藻华发生区域主要集中于珠江口附近、大鹏湾和大亚湾水域,具有明显的时空特征。不同区域的藻华种类差异明显,广东西部多发硅藻藻华,广东中部多发甲藻藻华,广东东部多发金藻藻华。且各地区主要藻华种类的发生也呈现出不同的年际和季节差异,广东沿岸中部地区每年几乎都有藻华出现,其中大鹏湾海域在2000年以后无硅藻藻华发生,大亚湾海域在2002年之前以硅藻藻华为主,2002年以后以甲藻藻华为主;而东部和西部在2000年以前几乎无藻华发生,直到2000年以后才开始频繁出现藻华。西部地区（湛江海域）夏季多发硅藻藻华,中部地区的珠江口春季多发有毒藻华,大鹏湾春季多发夜光藻（Noctiluca scintillans）藻华,大亚湾夏秋季节多发锥状斯氏藻（Scrippsiella trochoidea）藻华,广东东部的球形棕囊藻（Phaeocystis globosa）藻华可在全年出现。综上,广东省藻华原因种类分布具有明显的地域和季节特征,因此需要对不同地区的藻华发生情况和可能诱因进行有针对性的监测和研究,采取区域化的管理,以期能够更合理高效地利用和保护广东省的海洋资源。     

气候变化和人类活动对武江流域年径流及最大日流量影响的定量分析

针对气候变化与人类活动对流域年径流及最大日流量变化影响的定量识别问题,以华南湿润区武江流域为例,分别采用HIMS（Hydro-Informatic Modeling System）模型和敏感性系数法,从日和年尺度定量模拟和评估气候变化与人类活动对流域年最大日流量和径流变化的影响过程及贡献率。结果表明：HIMS模型在武江流域适用性良好,日尺度模型率定期和验证期的纳西效率系数分别为0.85和0.77,水量平衡误差绝对值分别为3.1%和3.3%;两种方法均表明气候变化是引起流域年径流量增加的主要因素,人类活动导致了流域径流量的减少,但贡献率较小。气候变化与人类活动导致了流域年最大日流量的增加,气候变化对年最大日流量增加的贡献率为94%,而人类活动的贡献率则为6%。相较于年均径流量,气候变化对年最大日流量的影响更为显著。     

Determination of Trace Organochlorinated Pesticides and Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Water

A modified steam distillation liquid-liquid extraction (SDE) device is developed for the enrichment of trace organochlorinated pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in up to one litre of water samples. One ml of n-hexane is sufficient to extract the analytes. The extract can be analysed directly by a capillary gas chromatography-electron capture detector. The recoveries range from 84.6 to 102.3% for OCPs and 80.5 to 106.2% for PCBs, respectively. Matrice materials such as lipids and humic substances were removed by the SDE method from the extract and no further cleanup and concentration steps were needed.     

Using Multiple Antibiotic Resistance and land use characteristics to determine sources of fecal coliform bacterial pollution

Multiple Antibiotic Resistance (MAR) analysis and regression modeling techniques were used to identify surface water areas impacted by fecal pollution from human sources, and to determine the effects of land use on fecal pollution in Murrells Inlet, a small, urbanized, high-salinity estuary located between Myrtle Beach and Georgetown, South Carolina. MAR analysis was performed to identify areas in the estuary that are impacted by human-source fecal pollution. Additionally, regression analysis was performed to determine if an association exists between land use and fecal coliform densities over the ten-year period from 1989 to 1998. Land-use variables were derived using Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques and were used in the regression analysis.MAR analyses were conducted by comparing the frequency and patterns of antibiotic resistance found in Escherichia coli isolates derived from surface water samples and from sewage sources in the Murrells Inlet sewage collection system. The MAR results suggest that the majority of the fecal pollution detected in the Murrells Inlet estuary may be from non-human sources, including fecal coliforms isolated from areas in close proximity to high densities of active septic tanks.A MAR Index, which measures the frequency of antibiotic resistance, was calculated for each of twenty-three water samples and nine sewage samples. The antibiotic resistance pattern comparisons were performed using cluster analysis. Although the MAR indices indicated that several surface water sites had potential human-source contamination, the cluster analysis suggests that only one sampling site had MAR patterns that were similar to those found in the sewage samples. This site was in close proximity to several large pleasure boats as well as a sewage collection system lift station, but was not near areas with active septic tanks. The results of the regression analysis also suggest that sewage sources and rainfall runoff from urbanized areas may contribute to fecal pollution in the estuary.