The dissipation of ethofenprox in cabbage and soil under open conditions

The dissipation of ethofenprox in cabbage and soil under open conditions was investigated at two primary cabbage-growing regions, Beijing and Kunming in China. Samples were extracted with acetonitrile and determined by ultra-performance liquid chromatography with a single quadrupole detector. Dissipation of ethofenprox from cabbage and soil can be best explained by a first-order decay process. The half-lives of ethofenprox were 1.9 and 2.3 days in cabbage and 20.0 and 13.0 days in soil at Beijing and Kunming, respectively. The concentration of ethofenprox residue was reduced by 90% taking 7 and 60 days in cabbage and soil. Dissipation rates in cabbage and soil at two geographically separated experimental fields differed, suggesting that this was affected by complicated factors, such as local climate and soil characteristics. These data could provide guidance for the proper and safe use of this pesticide on cabbage in China.     

1993年夏季的台风路径特征

１９９３年西北太平洋共生成２８个台风，其移动路径趋势有其独特性。有７个台风登陆日本；８个登陆菲律宾；７个台风登陆我国广东和海南省，直接损失高达７０亿元，为１９４９年以来最严重的一年。但没有一个台风登陆华东和华北沿海，这也是极为罕见的。本文分析了１９９３年台风移动的天气学原因，及其与厄尼诺现象的关系。并着重分析了台风移动路径的卫星云图特征。从而有助于判别台风究竟是北上转向，还是西行登陆我国。     

Arsenic exposure increased expression of HOTAIR and LincRNA-p21 in vivo and vitro

Arsenic is an environmental contaminant, its multiple effects on human tend to increase the rate of disease, cancer and other health problems. Some of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) can be induced in major cellular processes such as necrosis, proliferation, and mutation. While the toxicity of arsenic is well established, the association between arsenic exposure and long non-coding RNAs has not been studied enough. This study investigated the association between arsenic and the expression of HOTAIR and LincRNA-p21 in vivo and vitro. In epidemiological studies, the expression of HOTAIR and LincRNA-p21 was increased after long-term arsenic exposure. HOTAIR and LincRNA-p21 expression were positively linked to monomethylarsenic acid (MMA), dimethylarsenic acid (DMA), inorganic arsenic (iAs), total arsenic (tAs), and MMA% and negatively linked to secondary methylation index (SMI). In A549 cells, arsenic exposure resulted in enhanced HOTAIR and LincRNA-p21 expression dose-dependently. The expression of HOTAIR was considerably high in the presence of NaAsO₂ and MMA but showed no difference in DMA compared with control group. And LincRNA-p21 expression was increased in the presence of NaAsO₂, MMA, and DMA. The expression of HOTAIR and LincRNA-p21 induced by iAs was much higher than that induced by MMA and DMA. Compared with the control group, treatment of A549 cells with NaAsO₂/S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) and NaAsO₂/glutathione (GSH) combination increased HOTAIR and LincRNA-p21 expression. The expression of LincRNA-p21 in combination of NaAsO₂/GSH was significantly decreased compared with NaAsO₂ alone. Besides, in the presence of arsenic, both of HOTAIR and LincRNA-p21 were upregulated significantly when P53 was knocked down. We revealed that inorganic arsenic, its methylated metabolites, and arsenic metabolism efficiency affect the expression of HOTAIR and LincRNA-p21.

     

1991年江淮流域特大洪涝与厄尼诺

1991年初夏,持续性大暴雨导致江淮流域特大洪涝灾害.本文分析了降水量与洪涝的分布和演变及其基本大气环流特征,并着重研究了洪涝的主要成因——厄尼诺现象.文中指出.江淮流域的大或特大洪涝,大多发生在厄尼诺事件的同年或次年.厄尼诺、反厄尼诺与北半球低纬100和500hpa大气环流有长达15个月(从同年6月至次年8月)的显著性相关.厄尼诺事件的影响以各种复杂机制,先在低纬作纬向扩展传播.再向中高纬度频散传播.从而对气象与海洋灾害作出严重影响.     

氯化钙控制污泥膨胀

污泥膨胀是活性污泥工艺运行中经常遇到的最棘手的问题之一。本实验以人工合成污水为底物,采用序机式活性污泥法（SBR）;研究投加无机混凝剂氯化钙控制污泥膨胀的情况,同时研究丝状菌和菌胶团的变化。研究发现,投加氯化钙后,丝状菌数量明显减少;形成较多大而密实规则的菌胶团,污泥膨胀得到控制。污泥容积指数（SVI）由最初的309.5 mL/g降到67.1 mL/g,污泥沉降性能改善。停止投加氯化钙后又运行了18周期,活性污泥没有发生再次膨胀。投加氯化钙对COD去除率没有明显影响。研究结果表明,投加氯化钙是一种有效的污泥膨胀应急控制措施。