敖汉旗生态示范区调查研究对固阳县生态建设的启迪

通过参观学习提高自身认识，拓思路，产生构想，为做好本职工作奠定了基础，增强了信心。     

超声破解污泥上清液对A~2O工艺脱氮除磷和微生物群落结构的影响

为了提高传统污水处理工艺的脱氮除磷效率、实现污泥资源化,本实验通过超声破解污泥获取碳源,采用耗氧呼吸速率分析上清液作为碳源的可行性,并将上清液回用于生活污水,考察其对A2O工艺长期运行的脱氮除磷效果和微生物群落结构的影响。结果表明,上清液中可降解有机物达到76.2%,具有作为内碳源的潜能;上清液和生活污水按1∶15投入A2O反应器后,氮、磷的去除率分别从63.2%和53.4%提高到了82.1%和94.7%;上清液明显改变了微生物群落结构,使除磷菌Actinobacteia和反硝化聚磷菌Sphingobacterium富集。     

废水反硝化生物反应器中喹啉降解细菌的分离与特性

杂环化合物喹啉是焦化等工业废水中的一种难降解化合物.有关喹啉微生物降解的研究还很有限,分离筛选多样的喹啉降解细菌,对认识喹啉的降解机制和强化废水中喹啉的降解具有重要意义.本研究通过富集和多种分离条件的培养,从焦化废水活性污泥及唪啉驯化的生物膜样品中分离获得56株与喹啉降解相关的菌株,以16S rDNA双酶切方法进行ARDRA分型,将这些菌株分为12个OTU.选取部分代表菌株进行16S rDNA测序分析,表明分离所获得的菌株主要是Ochrobactrum、Bacillus、Pseudomonas和Rhodococcus属的微生物.通过对部分菌株测定其喹啉降解能力.发现大部分菌株都能以喹啉为唯一碳源进行生长并高效降解喹啉,极少数菌株不能单独降解喹啉.降解喹啉的Ochrobactrum属菌株还未见报道.     

焦化废水生物膜样品和苯酚降解菌分离株基因盒的分析

使用59-碱基(59be)保守序列和整合酶基因的引物进行PCR扩增,研究了焦化废水处理装置中微生物菌群的基因盒结构,并对两株分离的苯酚降解荫IS-17和IS-46的基因盒进行了扩增测序分析.从5个焦化废水生物膜总DNA样品中均获得了基因盒扩增产物.对IS-17和IS-46的基因盒PCR产物克隆建库并测序,通过序列比对等方法来研究和分析序列的功能.发现本研究获得的基因盒与已报道的基因盒存读码框序列、两端引物结合序列、间隔区大小等方面存在一些不同.本研究结果表明,在焦化废水生物膜菌群中普遍存在基因盒结构,采用基因盒PCR能够从环境或菌株中获取新基因.     

Distribution characteristics and indicator significance of Dechloranes in multi-matrices at Ny-lesund in the Arctic

In recent years, Dechloranes have been widely detected in the environment around the world.However, understanding and knowledge of Dechloranes in remote regions, such as the Arctic,remain lacking. Therefore, the concentrations of 5 Dechloranes in surface seawater, sediment,soil, moss, and dung collected from Ny-lesund in the Arctic were measured with the concentrations 93 pg/L, 342, 325, 1.4, and 258 pg/g, respectively, which were much lower than those in Asian and European regions. The mean ratios of anti-Dechlorane Plus(DP) to total DP(fanti) in seawater, sediment, soil, moss, dung, and atmospheric samples were 0.36, 0.21, 0.18,0.27, 0.66, and 0.43, respectively. Results suggested that the main source of DP in seawater,sediment, soil, and moss was long-range atmospheric transport. However, the ratio identified in dung was different, for which the migration behavior of the organism is probably the main source of DP.     

Effective and selective separation of perrhenate from acidic wastewater by super-stable,superhydrophobic, and recyclable biosorbent

• A ZnO-biochar hybrid composite was prepared by solvothermal-pyrolysis synthesis. • The superhydrophobic composite is suitable for selective recovery of Re(VII). • The adsorption mechanism is elucidated by experiments and material characterization. The recovery of scattered metal ions such as perrhenate (Re(VII)) from industrial effluents has enormous economic benefits and promotes resource reuse. Nanoscale-metal/biochar hybrid biosorbents are attractive for recovery but are limited by their insufficient stability and low selectivity in harsh environments. Herein, a superstable biochar-based biosorbent composed of ZnO nanoparticles with remarkable superhydrophobic features is fabricated, and its adsorption/desorption capabilities toward Re(VII) in strongly acidic aqueous solutions are investigated. The ZnO nanoparticle/biochar hybrid composite (ZBC) exhibits strong acid resistance and high chemical stability, which are attributable to strong C-O-Zn interactions between the biochar and ZnO nanoparticles. Due to the advantages of its hydrolytic stability, superhydrophobicity, and abundance of Zn-O sites, the ZBC proves suitable for the effective and selective separation of Re(VII) from single, binary and multiple ion systems (pH= 1), with a maximum sorption capacity of 29.41 mg/g. More importantly, this material also shows good recyclability and reusability, with high adsorption efficiency after six adsorption-desorption cycles. The findings in this work demonstrate that a metal/biochar hybrid composite is a promising sorbent for Re(VII) separation.     

央企生态环境保护督察机制探究

为进一步推进生态文明建设和监管机制改革,党中央、国务院决定将中央管理企业(央企)纳入第二轮生态环境保护督察范畴.对央企生态环境保护督察机制开展研究,梳理了央企生态环境保护保责任清单,从督察对象、督察事项和督察模式等方面探究了央企生态环境保护督察路径,并提出央企生态环境督察成效保障相关建议:采用宏观督察(督政)和微观督查...     

聚丙烯酰胺和椰糠配合对绿地土壤换填介质渗、蓄、净的效果

绿地土壤换填介质性能对海绵城市雨水径流源头削减起着至关重要的作用。为解决西咸新区海绵城市绿地土壤换填介质(土∶沙∶椰糠=4∶4∶2,体积比)去污性能不佳和椰糠遇水漂浮的问题,通过设置不同质量浓度(0.00%、0.50%、0.75%、1.00%、1.50%)的聚丙烯酰胺(polyacrylamide,PAM)溶液与换填介质进行混合,测定其饱和导水率、饱和含水量、全氮(TN)、全磷(TP)、化学需氧量(COD)以及重金属铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)和镉(Cd)静态吸附效果。结果表明:与不添加PAM处理相比,用量为0.75%、 1.00%、1.50%(质量分数)的PAM处理,介质的容重分别显著降低了9.1%、10.8%、12.2%;用量为1.00%、1.50%的PAM处理,介质的饱和含水量分别显著增加了24.3%、30.0%;用量为1.50%的PAM处理,介质的饱和导水率显著提高了52.6%;不同处理对TN和COD的吸附效果没有显著影响;与对照相比,用量为0.75%、1.00%、1.50%的PAM处理,滤液中磷的含量分别显著增加了20.1%、31.3%、51.1%;PAM的添加增加了介质对Cu、Zn和Cd的吸附。总之,用量为1.50%的PAM处理对于介质容重、饱和含水量、饱和导水率及对污染物(TN、COD、Cu、Zn、Cd)的静态吸附效果方面表现最优,因此推荐1.50%的PAM与土∶沙∶椰糠(4∶4∶2)配合可作为西咸新区绿地土壤换填介质。     

可持续发展视角下基于水量供需平衡的水资源承载力分析——以青海省大通县为例

水资源承载力评价对掌握区域水资源禀赋和开发利用状况、优化水资源配置、指导国土空间规划有重要的意义.采用层次分析(AHP)法,选取21个评价指标对青海省大通县2015-2019年水资源可持续利用程度和水资源承载力进行了动态评估,并基于水资源供需平衡预测了规划年(2025年、2035年)不同保证率P下大通县水资源承载力,计...     

Using enriched stable isotope technique to study Cu bioaccumulation and bioavailability in Corbicula fluminea from Taihu Lake,China

In this study, we measured trace metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in water and sediment from representative sites of Taihu Lake, with focus on the analysis of trace metal accumulation in Corbicula fluminea (bivalve). The results showed that the quality of water in Taihu Lake was generally good and the correlation was not found between Cu bioaccumulation in C. fluminea and the concentration in water and sediment. Thus, using the stable isotope tracer method, we studied Cu uptake from the water phase, the assimilation of Cu from the food phase, and the efflux of Cu in vivo by C. fluminea. The result revealed that this species exhibited a relatively lower efflux rate constant of Cu compared with other zoobenthos species. Using a simple bioenergetics-based kinetic model, Cu concentrations in the C. fluminea were calculated with the measured efflux rate. We put forward a novel method, which was taking the influence of biological kinetic on metal bioaccumulation into account to explain the field survey data.