基于二维和三维生态足迹的长三角城市群自然资本可持续性分析

城镇化和工业化进程的不断推进给城市群自然资本及其可持续利用带来较大的威胁。为明确城市群建设过程中自然资本可持续性变化特征,以长三角城市群为研究对象,采用二维和三维生态足迹评价模型,同时添加水资源账户对原模型进行改进以反映长三角地区水资源潜力与压力,研究分析了2005—2019年长三角城市群生态足迹、生态压力指数和生态协调指数变化、自然资本存量消耗和自然资本流量占用情况及其影响因素与作用机制。结果表明：1）研究期间,长三角城市群人均生态足迹和生态承载力分别为4.46和1.59 hm²/人,平均人均生态赤字为2.87 hm²/人,但万元GDP生态足迹不断下降,资源利用率不断上升;2）2005—2019年,长三角城市群生态压力指数由2.48升至3.25,生态协调指数由1.30变为1.25;3）基于改进三维生态足迹模型发现,长三角城市群资本存量利用程度越来越大,且对自然资本流量的更新起到较大抑制作用,2019年研究区自然资本存量的消耗量是资本流量占有量的2.26倍;4）影响因子分析表明,工业产值、能源消耗总量、建筑用地面积和城镇化率对生态足迹起到了正向促进作用,对自然资本的可持续性产生了较大压力。

     

一起氯碱厂化学品泄漏事故原因浅析

通过对一起储罐破裂导致的化学品泄漏事故原因分析,说明了次氯酸钠与盐酸是禁忌物质,建议设计、评价人员应全面深刻理解国家有关安全标准和设计规范,正确设计;生产使用单位接受事故教训,防止同类事故重演。     

基于地质环境评价的九江市区不同功能用地优化布局

从地质环境角度,对九江市区不同功能用地类型进行了系统划分,并针对划分的主要功能用地类型(居住及公共设施用地、工业及仓储用地、生态绿化用地)分别进行了地质环境适宜性评价,根据评价结果,结合九江市区的用地现状,提出了不同功能用地优化布局建议,为九江市区后期用地规划与调整提供了依据.     

绿色交通与环境的可持续发展

汽车尾气是环境污染的重要来源之一。随着社会和人们对环境保护意识的增强,对道路交通汽车尾气的影响及防治越来越受到人们的重视。解决汽车污染问题．必须考虑中国国情,从环境保护、能源结构、城市建设（特别是道路建设）和汽车产业发展等方面入手,统筹使用清洁燃料、清洁的车辆技术,以及可持续的城市道路系统建设、环境管理措施,才能实现城市经济效益、社会效益和生态环境效益三者的统一。     

溢油指示物(指标)HPLC-UVD研究

建立了溢油指示物（ 指标）ＨＰＬＣ—ＵＶＤ 相似性模式，给出了溢油指示物（ 指标）ＨＰＬＣ—ＵＶＤ 相似性的择近原则，指出溢油指示物（ 指标）ＨＰＬＣ—ＵＶＤ相似性主要受控于油种、风化和实验误差等因素的影响。结果表明，ＨＰＬＣ—ＵＶＤ 相似性模式可作为溢油指示物（ 指标） 。     

人工湿地在天津生态城水系构建中的应用建议研究

人工湿地技术融合基质、植物、微生物及工程构造为一体,通过物理、化学、生物、生态过程的综合作用,可以对低污染水具有良好的净化效果.在总结该技术主要工程形式、应用研究进展及常见问题的基础上,结合天津生态城水环境建设现状,以景观水体水质保持为核心目标,提出了人工湿地系统多途径多层次技术的应用方案,形成以大型人工湿地工程为依托的水系构建总体工程方案,这样就可以为该技术在黑臭水体治理及海绵城市建设领域的广泛应用提供参考依据.     

Simulated reaction of formaldehyde and ambient atmospheric particulate matter using a chamber

The reaction of HCHO with Beijing winter's real ambient particulate matter(PM) inside a 3.3 m~3 Teflon Chamber was conducted in this study. NO_2, O_3 and H_2O gases were removed from the ambient aerosol before entering into the chamber. The decays of HCHO were monitored(acetylacetone spectrophotometry method) during the reactions at different PM number concentrations(N_a) and relative humidities(RHs), and the formed particulate formate was detected by IC and XPS techniques. The results showed that when RH was10%–15%, the decay rate of HCHO in the chamber was higher with the existence of PM from relatively clean days(with number concentration(N_a) 200,000 particle/L, 0.35–22.5 μm)compared to dirty days(N_a 200,000 particle/L, 0.35–22.5 μm). When RH increased to 30%–45%, PM can hardly have significant influences on the decay of HCHO. The formations of formate on the reacted PM were consistent with the HCHO decay rates at different ambient PM N_aand RH conditions. This is a first study related to the "real" ambient PM reacted with HCHO and suggested that in the clean and low RH days, PM could be an effective medium for the conversion of HCHO to formate.     

Heterogeneous oxidation of SO2 by O3-aged black carbon and its dithiothreitol oxidative potential

Ozone (O₃) is an important atmospheric oxidant. Black carbon (BC) particles released into the atmosphere undergo an aging process via O₃ oxidation. O₃-aged BC particles may change their uptake ability toward trace reducing gases such as SO₂ in the atmosphere, leading to different environmental and health effects. In this paper, the heterogeneous reaction process between O₃-aged BC and SO₂ was explored via in-situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS). Combined with ion chromatography (IC), DRIFTS was used to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze the sulfate product. The results showed that O₃-aged BC had stronger SO₂ oxidation ability than fresh BC, and the reactive species/sites generated on the surface had an important role in the oxidation of SO₂. Relative humidity or 254 nm UV (ultraviolet) light illumination enhanced the oxidation uptake of SO₂ on O₃-aged BC. The oxidation potentials of the BC particles were detected via dithiothreitol (DTT) assay. The DTT activity over BC was decreased in the process of SO₂ reduction, with the consumption of oxidative active sites.     

“十二五”地表水国家环境监测网络吉林省水环境国控监测点位布设的构想

根据国家环境质量监测网络,对“十二五”地表水环境质量监测断面调整工作要求,吉林省在辖区内所有水环境质量监测断面及采样点基础上,完成了松花江流域和辽河流域国控监测断面的优化调整工作。在此过程中,如何从国家尺度上,既能充分反映吉林省水环境质量状况,又能满足国家对地表水环境管理需求进行了深入思考。本文以吉林省为例,在确定国控监测断面及采样点的布设中．提出了自己的构想和建议。