污泥-谷壳吸附剂对混合染料吸附机理的研究

污泥和谷壳为原料制备了污泥-谷壳吸附剂（SCA）。采用SCA处理酸性大红和碱性嫩黄模拟混合染料废水。通过动力学分析、FTIR表征和SEM表征对SCA吸附混合染料的机理进行了研究。实验结果表明：在吸附温度25 ℃、混合溶液中酸性大红和碱性嫩黄的质量浓度均为100 mg/L、SCA加入量0.5 g/L、吸附时间400 min的条件下,酸性大红的吸附量为125 mg/g,碱性嫩黄的吸附量为170 mg/g;SCA对混合染料的吸附行为符合拟二级反应动力学方程,液膜扩散为吸附的主要控制过程。表征结果显示：SCA孔隙发达且丰富,以中孔和细密的微孔为主,说明SCA具有较高的吸附能力; SCA中包含C—H,C—OH,C—C,CC等主要官能团,SCA对混合染料的吸附为物理吸附。     

Assessing the geographical distribution of 76 Dendrobium species and impacts of climate change on their potential suitable distribution area in China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The geographical distribution of plant resources is of great significance for studying the origin, distribution, and evolution of species. Climate and...     

东京湾水环境治理对深圳的启示

分析东京湾社会经济、水环境状况和治理历程,其水环境变化经历了先污染后治理的历程.近几十年东京湾环境管理内容纳入行政管理范围,环境对策、措施随着主要环境问题的变化也经历了诸多变化,促进东京湾水环境逐步改善和恢复.结合东京湾环境管理历程和深圳湾区水环境主要问题,分析深圳湾区水环境治理存在的差距及经验借鉴,可从制度建设、体制机制、投融资渠道和公众参与等方面进行完善,为深圳湾区水环境治理和改善提供参考.     

CO 污染对木本植物的影响

CO是一种无色、无臭、无味的气体,是一种重要的大气污染物质,它主要来自交通运输,燃料不完全燃烧和生产过程排放的废气。 目前大工业城市空气中CO浓度对植物的影响如何,尤其是对木本植物的影响国内外有关的报道尚不多。本文就CO对木本植物伤害症状以及对光合作用的影响进行初步探讨,为环境质量生物学评价提供资料。     

嗜热栖热菌降解氟喹诺酮类抗生素

氟喹诺酮类抗生素在各种环境基质中积累造成的生态和耐药基因污染等问题已引起广泛的关注。为了能够有效去除环境中氟喹诺酮类抗生素污染并且探究其生物代谢途径,利用嗜热菌Thermus sp. C419在高温(70℃)条件下降解2种典型的氟喹诺酮类抗生素(诺氟沙星和恩诺沙星),分析了菌株C419对这2种药物在单一和混合添加时的降解特性;通过UPLC-MS/MS检测了其相关的降解产物,并推测了可能的代谢途径;利用平板扩散法对生物降解后的氟喹诺酮类药物进行抑菌活性测定。结果表明:氟喹诺酮类化合物可被菌株C419有效降解,降解率为60%～80%;该生物降解过程符合一级动力学模型,培养基中氟喹诺酮类化合物浓度越高,降解率越高,降解半衰期越短;菌株C419对诺氟沙星的生物降解有3条可能的降解途径和7种降解产物,对恩诺沙星的生物降解有4条可能的降解途径和6种降解产物。此外,与2种药物的母体化合物相比,生物降解后药物对不同细菌的抗菌活性均有一定程度的降低,这说明嗜热菌株C419在热环境中去除氟喹诺酮类污染物方面可能会具有良好的实用性和应用前景。     

Enhanced electrokinetic remediation of quinoline-contaminated soils

ABSTRACT

The aim of this investigation was to examine the ability of enhanced electrokinetic (EK) remediation to efficiently remove quinoline from contaminated kaolinite soils. In order to accomplish this, the effect of a voltage gradient and anode buffer concentration on migration of quinoline in kaolinite was determined. The results showed that EK transport process effectively stimulated desorption and movement of quinoline in kaolinite. The rate and distance of migration rose with increasing voltage gradient and anode buffer concentration under certain conditions. The mechanisms that drive quinoline migration by electrodynamic processes were established as attributed to either electromigration or electroosmosis, and both played key roles in driving quinoline to migrate towards the cathode.     

生物法-人工湿地组合工艺对小城镇混合污水氮素去除效果研究

在华南热带亚热带地区,利用生物法-人工湿地组合工艺（A/BCO-CW）处理小城镇片区混合污水。全年运行结果表明,A/BCO-人工湿地组合系统对TN和NH4-N具有好的处理效果,年均去除率分别为57.57%、87.73%,平均去除负荷量达到3.85和3.26g·m-2·d-1。A/BCO预处理系统在停留时间为3～6h条件下,对NH4-N去除效率达57.38%,好氧段充分曝气,有利于硝化过程的进行,有效地解决人工湿地因溶解氧不足造成的硝化过程受限制情况,减少了后续湿地所需面积的25%。在0.30～0.59m·d-1水力负荷率下,垂直流-表面流-水平潜流人工湿地组合系统对TN和NH4-N平均去除负荷达到了2.56、0.90g·m-2·d-1;TN、NH4-N去除速率常数为39.8和41.62m·yr-1,这些数值均处于文献中k值范围的高量程内。在进水NH4-N变动范围为6.27～18.8mg·L-1时,出水水质均能稳定达到GB3838—2002《地表水环境质量标准》的IV类水1.5mg·L-1的标准。通过探讨A/BCO-CW组合工艺用于混合污水处理效率,实现了A/BCO和CW二者间在处理氮素过程中的优势互补。     

Study of ciprofloxacin removal by biochar obtained from used tea leaves

In this study,used tea leaves(UTLs) were pyrolyzed to obtain used tea-leaf biochar(UTC),and then the UTC was used as an adsorbent to remove ciprofloxacin(CIP) from aqueous solutions.Batch experiments were conducted to investigate the CIP adsorption performance and mechanism.The results showed that the CIP-adsorbing ability first increased and then declined as the UTC pyrolysis temperature increased.The UTC obtained at 450°C presented excellent CIP-absorbing ability at p H 6 and 40°C.The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity was 238.10 mg/g based on the Langmuir isotherm model.The pseudo-second-order kinetic equation agreed well with the CIP adsorption process,which was controlled by both external boundary layer diffusion and intra-particle diffusion.The characterization analysis revealed that the \OH groups,C_C bonds of aromatic rings,C\H groups in aromatic rings and phenolic C\O bonds play vital roles in the CIP adsorption process,and that the N\C,N\O,O\C_O and C\OH groups of UTC were consumed in large quantities.π–π interactions,hydrogen bonding and electrostatic attraction are inferred as the main adsorption mechanisms.The present work provides not only a feasible and promising approach for UTLs utilization but also a potential adsorbent material for removing high concentrations of CIP from aqueous solutions.     

生物入侵外部性的经济学分析与内部化对策

人们一直都在有意或无意地引入成千上万的外来物种,其中多数是有益的或至少是无害的,但少数转化为入侵种对环境、经济或人类健康等造成巨大危害。无论有益或有害,引入者本人通常既无法获得相称的收益亦不会付出相称的代价,这一事实表明外来物种是外部性的典型例证。生物入侵主要关乎外来物种的负外部性问题,因而产生了使其内部化的需要。在对生物入侵的类型进行了细分的基础上,运用经济学工具探讨了生物入侵的外部性问题与内部化对策,认为市场力量主导型的科斯方案有较大局限性,传统的政府管制型庇古方案仍应承担主要角色,同时不应忽视道德机制的作用。     

深圳湾水环境污染现状及防治对策研究

从流域水系、潮汐特征、泥沙特征等方面介绍了深圳湾及流域的基本情况,分析了平水期、枯水期和丰水期深圳湾海域水质,深圳河、大沙河、凤塘河、小沙河和后海中心河等入湾河流水质,入湾排污口流量和水质状况,解析了深圳湾水质超标的主要原因有流域污染治理与开发进程不匹配、入湾河流水质较差、水动力不足和内源污染严重等问题,从管网建设和管理、污水处理厂建设、水质监测预警体系和流域综合管理模式等方面提出了深圳湾水环境质量改善的对策措施.