CN算法应用于我国23次强震的预测研究

本文用CN算法研究了我国近期大陆东部和西部南北带及邻近区域共23次强震前的TIP,即强震发生概率增长时间。结果表明,18次强震发生在被判定的强震发生概率增长时间的TIP内。TIP警戒约占总研究时空域的30％,获得了较好的中期地震预测效果。表明CN算法可作为强震中期预测的手段之一。     

我国环境中电磁场的监测方法及限值标准的发展

我国早期有些关于环境电磁场的监测方法和控制限值的国家标准已经不能适应时代发展的需要,存在诸多的不足。为了更好地保护环境,保障人体健康,国家分别于2013年和2014年发布了《交流输变电工程电磁环境监测方法(试行)》(HJ 681-2013)和《电磁环境控制限值》(GB8702-2014)。结束了在工频电磁场环境监测中无明确监测方法和评价标准可依的历史,对高频电磁场的限值也给出了更详细的规定。本文系统地介绍了我国环境电磁场的监测方法和限值标准的发展过程。     

加强废物库管理确保辐射环境安全

放射性废物库是国家公益性环保设施,目前包头放射性废物库的源库内已贮存603枚废放射源,已超过原设计能力.加强废放射源库的管理,保证废源库的安全运行,有效地避免公众遭受放射性危害,对减轻地区放射性污染,保障地区辐射环境安全,促进地区经济的发展,维护社会稳定发挥着不可替代的重要作用.     

The theory of planned behavior (TPB) and texting while driving behavior in college students

Objective: To examine the role of intent and other theory of planned behavior (TPB) constructs in predicting college students' willingness to text while driving (TWD).

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. 243 male and female college students enrolled in the 2013–2014 academic year in the College of Health, Human Services & Nursing completed a survey on TWD. Inclusion criteria: All races and ethnicities, ≥18 years of age, cell phone owner, and licensed driver.

Results: Over 70% of the sample (n = 243) reported talking on a cell phone and sending and receiving text messages “at least a few times” while driving within the past week. However, only 27% reported being stopped by police. Of these, 22% reported being fined. Within the past 30 days, 26% reported reading or sending TWD and having to slam on the brakes to avoid hitting another car or pedestrian(s) as a result. In all, 47% of the variance in intention to send TWD was accounted for by the full TPB model. Intention, in turn, predicted willingness to TWD. Intention also mediated the relationship between perceived behavioral control and willingness to TWD.

Conclusion: Attitude was found to be the strongest predictor of intention. In addition, intention was found to mediate the relationship of willingness to TWD on perceived behavioral control. These findings highlight potential factors that could be targeted in behavioral change interventions seeking to prevent TWD.     

Assessment of cadmium content of potato grown in Weining County,Guizhou Province,China

A total of 54 soil and 54 potato samples have been collected from Weining County to evaluate the accumulation of cadmium in potatoes. The concentrations of the total Cd and the available Cd in the soil samples have been detected. The total concentrations of Cd were from 0.41 to 10.0 mg/kg with an average value of 2.60 mg/kg in soil. The concentrations of available Cd in the soil were 0.07 to 3.47 mg/kg with an average value of 0.59 mg/kg. The concentration of the available Cd showed a good linear positive correlation with the total Cd content in the soil. For the 54 potato samples, the Cd concentrations were from 0.023 to 0.18 mg/kg with an average value 0.083 mg/kg (fresh weight).The bioconcentration factor (BCF) values of Cd in potatoes, based on dry weight, were from 0.02 to 0.96 with an average value 0.24. The uptake of cadmium by plants is dependent on various soil and environmental factors. A regression model to predict the concentration of cadmium in Weining potatoes based on soil properties and elevation was developed. The results showed the elevation and the soil pH played an important role and had a negative influence on the uptake of Cd by potato in Weining County. The mean intake of Cd by adults through consumption of potato from Weining would be 5.9 μg/day, and it is well below the provisionally tolerable daily intake for Cd (70 μg/day).     

大连市南部地区冬季气态总汞浓度特征研究

利用RA-915AM汞监测仪对大连市南部地区冬季环境空气中的气态总汞进行连续监测,研究了该地区气态总汞的污染现状、日变化特征以及与空气质量指数(AQI)和气象参数的关系。结果显示,采样期间气态总汞浓度日均值变化范围为2.1~7.1 ng/m3。气态总汞浓度与AQI具有几乎一致的变化趋势。气态总汞浓度从早晨7:00左右开始逐渐减小,中午时达到最小值,之后又逐渐增大。夜间浓度高于昼间,属于夜间控制型。气态总汞与风速呈显著负相关性,与相对湿度呈显著正相关性,与温度无相关性。     

工业烟尘废气中PM2.5的除尘技术概述

本文通过对不同的常规除尘设备的工作原理以及除尘性能进行研究,重点分析了电袋式混合除尘器、静电旋风式混合除尘器以及湿式电除尘器三种混合除尘器的技术特点,指出混合除尘器和凝并器能有效提高除尘器去除PM2.5的效率,对工业发展和保护大气环境具有重要意义.     

Risk assessment and monitoring of dinotefuran and its metabolites for Chinese consumption of apples

Residues of dinotefuran and its metabolites, 1-methyl-3-(tetrahydro-3-furylmethyl)urea (UF) and 1-methyl-3-(tetrahydro-3-furylmethyl)guanidine (DN), in apple were investigated using a “QuEChERS” (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, safe) pretreatment and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Limits of detection (LODs) and quantification (LOQs) of dinotefuran, UF, and DN in apples were 0.011–0.960 and 0.037–3.200 μg/kg, respectively. The average recoveries of dinotefuran, UF, and DN in apple ranged from 70.0 to 83.6% with relative standard deviations less than 13%. A formulation of 20% water-dispersible dinotefuran granules was sprayed at 1–1.5-fold the recommended dose 3–4 times on apple trees. Total terminal residues of dinotefuran in apple were less than 2 mg/kg, which is the maximum residue limit (MRL) set by Japan. When following the recommended application guidelines, dinotefuran is unlikely to present significant health concerns to the Chinese population because the risk quotient (RQ) is less than 100%. This work could provide guidance for the safe use of dinotefuran and serve as a reference for the establishment of a maximum residue limit of dinotefuran in apple in China.     

造纸污泥的流变特性实验研究

造纸污泥是制浆造纸产生的废弃物,含有一定量的热值,将造纸污泥通过管道远距离输送到流化床锅炉焚烧是目前解决造纸污泥的最佳途径。造纸污泥作为高浓度黏稠物料进行管道远距离输送存在很多困难,其流变特性研究是管道输送的重要理论基础。从上述角度出发,介绍了造纸污泥的物理特性和实验仪器,通过对质量分数为28.84%~37.30%的造纸污泥进行系统地测试,绘制了黏度曲线和流变曲线,确定了造纸污泥的流变类型,得出了造纸污泥的流变方程。通过对造纸污泥的流变特性研究,为造纸污泥管道输送设备优化设计以及泵的吸入特性研究提供基本参数。     

稳定氢氧同位素在定量区分植物水分利用来源中的应用

全球气候变化下陆地生态系统的适应性是当前科学研究关注的主题之一,了解生态系统如何响应及影响全球气候变化有利于人类对未来生存环境的预测和适应。生态系统中不同来源水分对植物生长相对贡献决的大小一定程度上决定了生态系统对气候变化的响应方式、程度和响应结果,因此跟踪和分析植物利用水分的来源是制定全球气候变化对策的一个重要研究内容。本文介绍了稳定氢氧同位素技术研究历史及其在定量区分植物利用水分的来源研究中的应用原理与具体方法。由于土壤水分在被植物根系吸收及随后沿导管向上传输的过程中,与外界环境不发生水分交换,因此不存在同位素的分馏过程,所以植物茎木质部水分同位素组成能反映出植物利用的来源水分同位素信息。通过比较植物茎木质部水分与植物利用的不同来源水分同位素值,利用二项或三项分隔线性混合模型(two-orthree-compartment linear mixing model),可以估算出植物对不同来源水分的相对使用量。而由于植物叶片水分同位素组成受到周围环境的温度、湿度、降雨和土壤水分的异质性等许多因素的影响,通过比较分析植物茎木质部水分和叶片水分同位素组成的差异可以得到植物周围环境的气候信息。植物利用水分的来源存在显著的季节性差异,并且,不同生活型植物在利用水分来源上存在明显不同。植物根系的分布及根深是决定植物利用水分来源的一个重要的因素,表层和深层根系的相对分布及其活性影响着植物吸收水分的范围。当然,利用线型分隔混合模型定量区分植物利用水分的不同来源,还有许多值得改进的地方,而且,尽管稳定同位素技术在植物科学中的应用正迅速发展起来,但利用稳定氢氧同位素来分析环境因素对植物影响的研究还只是刚刚展开,还有许多方面值得去进一步探索。