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排序方式: 共有247条查询结果,搜索用时 265 毫秒
1.
Poliana Dutra Mai Laurence Maurice Emmanuel Tessier David Amouroux Daniel Coss Patricia Moreira-Turcq Henri Etcheber 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2018,30(6):24-40
Seasonal variability of dissolved and particulate methylmercury(F-MeHg, P-MeHg) concentrations was studied in the waters of the Amazon River and its associated Curuai floodplain during hydrological year 2005–2006, to understand the MeHg exchanges between these aquatic systems. In the oxic white water lakes, with neutral pH, high F-MeHg and P-MeHg concentrations were measured during the rising water stage(0.70 ± 0.37 pmol/L, n = 26) and flood peak(14.19 ± 9.32 pmol/g, n = 7) respectively, when the Amazon River water discharge into the lakes was at its maximum. The lowest mean values were reported during the dry season(0.18 ± 0.07 pmol/L F-MeHg, n = 10 and 1.35 ± 1.24 pmol/g P-MeHg, n = 8), when water and suspended sediments were outflowing from the lakes into the River. In these lakes,the MeHg concentrations were associated to the aluminium and organic carbon/nitrogen changes. In the black water lakes, with acidic pH and reducing conditions, elevated MeHg concentrations were recorded(0.58 ± 0.32 pmol/L F-MeHg, n = 16 and 19.82 ± 15.13 pmol/g PMeHg, n = 6), and correlated with the organic carbon and manganese concentrations. Elevated values of MeHg partition coefficient(4.87 Kd 5.08 log(L/kg) indicate that MeHg is mainly transported associated with the particulate phase. The P-MeHg enrichment detected in all lakes suggests autochthonous MeHg inputs from the sediments into the water column. The MeHg mass balance showed that the Curuai floodplain is not the source of P-MeHg for the Amazon River. 相似文献
2.
Emmanuel D'Silva 《Natural resources forum》1997,21(1):51-60
Profound changes have taken place, worldwide, during the last decade. These political, economic, and institutional changes have contributed to redefine the role of the state in all sectors, including natural resources. This article discusses traditional shortcomings of forest departments and new challenges they face arising from the changes in national policies and global concerns. Worldwide trends, such as civil service reforms, decentralization of government, increased local community involvement in resource management, and divestiture of state-owned enterprises impact the forestry sector, already faced with shrinking forest areas, decreased revenues, and government downsizing. To survive, forest departments need to form strategic partnerships with other stakeholders, get out of forest activities where they do not have a comparative advantage, and focus on core functions that governments do best. Examples are given from countries in Asia and the Pacific. Two country case studies are presented discussing Nepal's experience with Forest User Groups and New Zealand's experience with privatization of forestry. 相似文献
3.
Nikolaos Kazantzis Vasiliki Kazantzi Emmanuel G. Christodoulou 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(16):9553-9568
A new approach to the problem of environmental hazard assessment and monitoring for pollutant biodegradation reaction systems in the presence of uncertainty is proposed using soft sensor-based pollutant concentration dynamic profile reconstruction techniques. In particular, a robust reduced-order soft sensor is proposed that can be digitally implemented in the presence of inherent complexity and the inevitable model uncertainty. The proposed method explicitly incorporates all the available information associated with a process model characterized by varying degrees of uncertainty, as well as available sensor measurements of certain physicochemical quantities. Based on the above information, a reduced-order soft sensor is designed enabling the reliable reconstruction of pollutant concentration profiles in complex biodegradation systems that can not be always achieved due to physical and/or technical limitations associated with current sensor technology. The option of using the aforementioned approach to compute toxic load and persistence indexes on the basis of the reconstructed concentration profiles is also pursued. Finally, the performance of the proposed method is evaluated in two illustrative environmental hazard assessment case studies. 相似文献
4.
Dixit Rewati Gupta Anirudh Jordan Norbert Zhou Shengqiang Schild Dieter Weiss Stephan Guillon Emmanuel Jain Rohan Lens Piet 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(30):40264-40274
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Bioreduction of selenium oxyanions to elemental selenium is ubiquitous; elucidating the properties of this biogenic elemental selenium (BioSe) is thus... 相似文献
5.
Adebayo Tomiwa Sunday Akinsola Gbenga Daniel Kirikkaleli Dervis Bekun Festus Victor Umarbeyli Sukru Osemeahon Oseyenbhin Sunday 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(35):47942-47956
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - To minimize the awful situation confronting the entire globe, the global warming danger has raised the intensity of consciousness from all areas of... 相似文献
6.
Lunag Marcelino N. Abana Alexander S. Agcaoili Juco P. Arellano Jillien Kaith T. Caluza Coleen Angela G. Decena Nick Brylle V. Paz Emmanuel R. Dela Delgado Lyka Angela B. Obero Aaron F. Ocampo Don Miguel E. Sacdalan Charlene Ann D. 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2023,25(2):1216-1226
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - The daily use of facemask to prevent virus transmission increases the negative effect on the environment because of improper waste disposal. Due to... 相似文献
7.
Dynamics of local governance in natural resource conservation in the Okavango Delta,Botswana
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There has been a shift in natural resource management worldwide. This paper describes how modern institutions and policies influence management and shape access to and utilization of resources by rural communities in the Okavango Delta, Botswana. It is rooted in the framework of adaptive co‐governance within social‐ecological systems, and employs a critical literature review to analyse access to and use of natural resources in rural Botswana. Prior to the establishment of community‐based natural resource management (CBNRM) in Botswana in 1989, resource governance was dominated by strong traditional institutions that were responsible for natural resource management and decision‐making. Contemporary natural resource governance is characterized by a bureaucratic system that invariably undermines the role of traditional institutions in natural resource governance. Findings indicate that policies and regulatory instruments deny rural communities adequate access to and utilization of resources available within their immediate environment. In spite of an orientation towards an anthropocentric approach to natural resource management (as in the case of CBNRM), the current governance system continues to undermine the inclusion of local resource users as legitimate stakeholders in the decision‐making process. 相似文献
8.
Recent Changes in Stream Flashiness and Flooding,and Effects of Flood Management in North Carolina and Virginia
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Beatriz Mogollón Emmanuel A. Frimpong Andrew B. Hoegh Paul L. Angermeier 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2016,52(3):561-577
The southeastern United States has undergone anthropogenic changes in landscape structure, with the potential to increase (e.g., urbanization) and decrease (e.g., reservoir construction) stream flashiness and flooding. Assessment of the outcome of such change can provide insight into the efficacy of current strategies and policies to manage water resources. We (1) examined trends in precipitation, floods, and stream flashiness and (2) assessed the relative influence of land cover and flow‐regulating features (e.g., best management practices and artificial water bodies) on stream flashiness from 1991 to 2013. We found mean annual precipitation decreased, which coincided with decreasing trends in floods. In contrast, stream flashiness, overall, showed an increasing trend during the period of study. However, upon closer examination, 20 watersheds showed stable stream flashiness, whereas 5 increased and 6 decreased in flashiness. Urban watersheds were among those that increased or decreased in flashiness. Watersheds that increased in stream flashiness gained more urban cover, lost more forested cover and had fewer best management practices installed than urban watersheds that decreased in stream flashiness. We found best management practices are more effective than artificial water bodies in regulating flashy floods. Flashiness index is a valuable and straightforward metric to characterize changes in streamflow and help to assess the efficacy of management interventions. 相似文献
9.
Victor F. Olaleye Emmanuel A. Oluyemi 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2010,162(1-4):153-162
Effects of cement flue dust from Ewekoro cement Kilns were monitored at some aquatic receptor locations. High levels of total suspended particulates (TSPs) and atmospheric deposition rates (ADRs) were recorded within the factory compared to ancillary locations outside the factory. The TSP and ADR levels which were location dependent were significantly higher (P?<?0.05) during the dry periods than in the wet season. Irrespective of seasonal variations, the key elements in the emissions were Ca2?+? and Fe2?+?. The concentrations of Zn2?+?, Mn2?+? and Pb?+? which were trace elements were significantly higher (P?<?0.05) in the deposited than in the airborne particulates. The planktonic flora and fauna of the river systems draining the area were poor with 16 phytoplanktonic and nine zooplanktonic species. Numerically, the phytoplanktons were dominated by diatoms (Bacillariophyta) with Synedra sp. being the most abundant species. The zooplanktonic fauna dominated by rotifers had Lecane curvicornis as a regular occurrence in all the three catchment rivers. The physicochemical parameters assayed were significantly higher (P?<?0.05) in the factory effluent discharges than in water samples from each of the catchment rivers. Seasonal variations inclusive, HCO $_{3}^{-}$ , CO $_{3}^{2-}$ , Ca2?+? and Mg2?+? constituted the major ionic component of water samples analysed irrespective of location. Alaguntan River which receives effluents directly from the factory had significantly higher levels (P?<?0.05) of the assayed ions than the other two rivers draining the cement factory catchment areas. 相似文献
10.
Ganiyu O. Oyetibo Matthew O. Ilori Sunday Adekunle Adebusoye Oluwafemi S. Obayori Olukayode O. Amund 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2010,168(1-4):305-314
Samples of soil, water, and sediments from industrial estates in Lagos were collected and analyzed for heavy metals and physicochemical composition. Bacteria that are resistant to elevated concentrations of metals (Cd2?+?, Co2?+?, Ni2?+?, Cr6?+?, and Hg2?+?) were isolated from the samples, and they were further screened for antibiotic sensitivity. The minimum tolerance concentrations (MTCs) of the isolates with dual resistance to the metals were determined. The physicochemistry of all the samples indicated were heavily polluted. Twenty-two of the 270 bacterial strains isolated showed dual resistances to antibiotics and heavy metals. The MTCs of isolates to the metals were 14 mM for Cd2?+?, 15 mM for Co2?+? and Ni2?+?, 17 mM for Cr6?+?, and 10 mM for Hg2?+?. Five strains (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Actinomyces turicensis, Acinetobacter junni, Nocardia sp., and Micrococcus sp.) resisted all the 18 antibiotics tested. Whereas Rhodococcus sp. and Micrococcus sp. resisted 15 mM Ni2?+?, P. aeruginosa resisted 10 mM Co2?+?. To our knowledge, there has not been any report of bacterial strains resisting such high doses of metals coupled with wide range of antibiotics. Therefore, dual expressions of antibiotics and heavy-metal resistance make the isolates, potential seeds for decommissioning of sites polluted with industrial effluents rich in heavy metals, since the bacteria will be able to withstand in situ antibiosis that may prevail in such ecosystems. 相似文献