三聚氰胺化学改性浮萍吸附重金属钍（Ⅳ）研究

采用生物吸附法去除废水中Th(Ⅳ)离子,研究了水生浮萍化学改性后吸附Th(Ⅳ)的行为特性、吸附模型及吸附机理.以浮萍、三聚氰胺和甲醛为原料,通过接枝反应制得三聚氰胺改性浮萍(MELM),能更好的吸附钍离子.结果表明:常温常压下,pH为5.5,吸附剂MELM为0.03 g,Th(Ⅳ)初始浓度为80 mg·L~(-1),反应60 min时,最大吸附率为97.4%,对应吸附量为129.88 mg·g~(-1),吸附量比未经处理的浮萍(最优吸附条件下,吸附量为22.83 mg·g~(-1))吸附量要大.通过Langmuir、Freundlich、Temkin 3种等温吸附模型对数据进行拟合,Langmuir模型能更好的描述吸附剂MELM对Th(Ⅳ)的平衡吸附行为,同时吸附过程能很好的用准二级反应动力学来解释.此外,FTIR实验数据表明,吸附剂MELM表面上氨基、羟基和羰基是主要的作用基团.     

鄱阳湖平原区农村水塘水体原位修复技术应用效果分析

针对鄱阳湖平原区农村水塘内源底泥污染和外源农村生产、生活排水污染,通过选用覆沙处理、落干曝晒处理及生物联合调控处理(即底栖动物三角帆蚌(Hyriopsis cumingii)+滤食性鱼类鳙鱼和鲢鱼+湿地植物花叶芦竹(Arundo donax var.versicolor))等原位修复技术进行研究,以期得到农村小水塘经济高效的原位修复技术。结果表明:(1)生物联合调控处理对水质净化的效果总体最佳,浊度、氨氮、TN和COD去除率最高值分别为68.18%、92.64%、79.85%和92.10%。(2)生物联合调控处理的TN去除率与DO呈显著负相关,TP去除率与DO呈显著负相关、与氮磷质量比(N/P)呈显著正相关,COD去除率与氨氮、碳氮质量比(C/N)均呈显著负相关。     

绿色荧光蛋白基因标记内生枯草芽孢杆菌

用枯草芽孢杆菌168菌株rpsD基因的启动子替换质粒pGFP4412中蜡状芽孢杆菌4412启动子,从而构建了能在枯草芽孢杆菌中表达绿色荧光蛋白基因gfpmut3a的载体pS4GFP,将其导入具有内生、防病、促生作用的野生型枯草芽孢杆菌BS-2菌株中,筛选获得遗传稳定性好且具有良好发光表型的标记菌株BS-2-gfp.该标记菌株在小白菜体内的定殖研究结果表明,该菌株能够在小白菜根际及根、茎、叶内定殖和传导,接菌50d后仍能在其体内分离到标记菌株.图5参17     

Carbonaceous matter in glacier at the headwaters of the Yangtze River: Concentration, sources and fractionation during the melting process

Carbonaceous matter has an important impact on glacial retreat in the Tibetan Plateau, further affecting the water resource supply. However, the related studies on carbonaceous matter are still scarce in Geladaindong (GLDD) region, the source of the Yangtze River. Therefore, the concentration, source and variations of carbonaceous matter at Ganglongjiama (GLJM) glacier in GLDD region were investigated during the melting period in 2017, which could deepen our understanding on carbonaceous matter contribution to glacier melting. The results showed that dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration of snowpit samples (283?±?200?μg/L) was much lower than that of precipitation samples (624?±?361?μg/L), indicating that large parts of DOC could be rapidly leached from the snowpit during the melting process. In contrast, refractory black carbon (rBC) concentration measured by Single Particle Soot Photometer of snowpit samples (4.27?±?3.15?μg/L) was much higher than that of precipitation samples (0.97?±?0.49?μg/L). Similarly, DOC with high mass absorption cross-section measured at 365?nm value was also likely to enrich in snowpit during the melting process. In addition, it was found that both rBC and DOC with high light-absorbing ability began to leach from the snowpit when melting process became stronger. Therefore, rBC and DOC with high light-absorbing ability exhibited similar behavior during the melting process. Based on relationship among DOC, rBC and K⁺ in precipitation, the main source of carbonaceous matter in GLJM glacier was biomass burning during the study period.     

1992—2012年浙江省酸雨变化特征及成因分析

为了解20世纪90年代以来,浙江地区酸雨污染的演变特征及成因,以杭州地区为代表,结合全省酸雨监测数据,揭示1992—2012年浙江省酸雨变化特征及成因。结果表明：1992—2012年,浙江地区酸雨的污染大致经历了3个阶段：1992—1999年为酸雨改善期;2000—2004年酸雨污染再次出现了恶化;2005—2012年为酸雨再次改善期。SO₂排放减少是近年来浙江地区酸雨污染出现好转的重要原因,但NO_x对酸雨的贡献有增加的趋势,酸雨污染类型逐渐由"硫酸型"为主转变为"硫酸硝酸混合型",机动车排放对浙江地区酸雨污染的贡献已不容忽视。全省强酸雨区主要分布在浙北、浙中和东部沿海等经济发达地区,经济相对落后的浙西南地区酸雨污染较轻,酸雨污染与地区经济发展密切相关,控制本地污染排放对于防治和减轻当地酸雨污染具有重要意义。     

风化煤吸附镉的动力学特性研究

风化煤具有不同孔径和较大的比表面积,又含有大量腐殖酸,其羧基、羟基等活性含氧官能团具有离子交换和络合能力,对各种含重金属离子废水有良好的净化效果.加之风化煤资源丰富、价格低廉,因而是一种很有希望的吸附剂.我们对风化煤吸附镉的动力学特征及影响吸附净化的因素进行了初步探讨.     

吸附法除氟技术的原理与方法

在水处理中应用的除氟的方法主要有：沉淀法、吸附法、电凝聚法、电渗析法、反渗透法和离子交换法等,其中吸附法是处理高含氟水的重要方法。本文重点介绍了几种常用的及新型的氟吸附剂的特点及应用概况,其中包括：铝盐吸附剂、铁盐吸附剂、稀土类吸附剂、生物类吸附剂以及其他类型的吸附剂;介绍了几种常用的及新型的氟吸附剂的除氟作用机理,并对今后的除氟研究进行了展望。     

Export of dissolved carbonaceous and nitrogenous substances in rivers of the “Water Tower of Asia”

Rivers are critical links in the carbon and nitrogen cycle in aquatic,terrestrial,and atmospheric environments.Here riverine carbon and nitrogen exports in nine large rivers on the Tibetan Plateau—the"Water Tower of Asia"—were investigated in the monsoon season from 2013 to 2015.Compared with the world average,concentrations of dissolved inorganic carbon(DIC,30.7 mg/L)were high in river basins of the plateau due to extensive topographic relief and intensive water erosion.Low concentrations of dissolved organic carbon(DOC,1.16 mg/L)were likely due to the low temperature and unproductive land vegetation environments.Average concentrations of riverine DIN(0.32 mg/L)and DON(0.35 mg/L)on the Tibetan Plateau were close to the world average.However,despite its predominantly pristine environment,discharge from agricultural activities and urban areas of the plateau has raised riverine N export.In addition,DOC/DON ratio(C/N,~6.5)in rivers of the Tibetan Plateau was much lower than the global average,indicating that dissolved organic carbon in the rivers of this region might be more bioavailable.Therefore,along with global warming and anthropogenic activities,increasing export of bioavailable riverine carbon and nitrogen from rivers of the Tibetan Plateau can be expected in the future,which will possibly influence the regional carbon and nitrogen cycle.     

膜工艺在垃圾填埋场高盐渗滤液处理中的应用

采用“预处理+膜处理(NF、RO)”工艺对山东省某大型垃圾填埋场高盐渗滤液进行处理,水回收率达70%,出水水质满足《生活垃圾填埋场污染控制标准》(GB 16889-2008)规定的污染物排放限值;经过浓缩减量化系统处理后,产生的NF浓缩液和RO浓缩液做分类单独收集,方便后续浓缩蒸发结晶及其他处理工艺的实施。     

油气开采钻井固体废物处理与利用研究现状

对比分析了我国部分地区油气开采钻井固体废物的污染特征,对普通钻井固体废物和含油钻井固体废物的无害化处理与资源化利用技术分别进行梳理和分析,主要包括固化处理技术、生物处理技术、不落地处理技术、资源化利用技术、萃取技术、热解析技术和组合处理技术等。结合当前存在的主要问题针对性地提出了4条对策建议:加强源头控制,减少钻井固体废物产生量;对钻井固体废物进行分质分级区别处理和利用;开发高效、低成本、低能耗的钻井固体废物处理技术,发展联合处理工艺;制定相关政策和标准,加强油气田污染治理的事中事后监管。