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排序方式: 共有85条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Frances R. Sweetman Kenneth M. Gibson Lawrence Sweetman Ph.D William L. Nyhan Homer Chin William Swartz Oliver W. Jones 《黑龙江环境通报》1986,6(3):187-194
We have documented the presence of five mitochondrial enzymes in samples of chorionic villus tissue and measured the levels of activity. Three of the enzymes catalyse biotindependent reactions. These are propionyl-CoA carboxylase, 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase and pyruvate carboxylase. the other enzymes. 4-aminobutyric acid aminotransferase and succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase, are involved inthe degradation of the central inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA. Distinct diseases in whichthere is deficiency of each of these enzymes have been documented in man. Significant levels of activity were observed for all five enzymes in chorionic villus tissue. This methodology should permit early prenatal diagnosis of deficiencies of these enzymes by chorionic villus biopsy in the first trimester. 相似文献
2.
This paper discusses policy towards gender in the water sector. It identifies key directions in gender policy and, while recognizing the progress made by donors towards implementing this, identifies some of the obstacles and difficulties encountered. The paper is based on a review of selected donor agency documentation and on discussions with staff conducted by Katja Jobes in May 1995. 相似文献
3.
Yongsung Cho K. William. Easter Laura M.J. McCann Frances Homans 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2005,41(3):729-740
ABSTRACT: The concentrations of iron and sulfate in community water supplies are a concern for a number of areas in southwestern Minnesota. This study used the contingent valuation method to determine how much consumers would be willing to pay to improve their drinking water quality. On average, individuals were willing to pay US$5.25 per month (in 1995 U.S. dollars) to reduce the level of iron and US$4.33 per month to reduce the level of sulfate in their water to the USEPA's secondary standards for drinking water quality. Respondents with negative perceptions of their drinking water quality were willing to pay more to improve water quality. The aggregate annual willingness to pay (WTP) for all consumers in community water systems in southwestern Minnesota that were out of compliance with water quality standards were estimated to be US$2.4 million and US$2.0 million (in 1995 dollars) for reducing the levels of iron and sulfate, respectively. Yet the total WTP of consumers who use small community water systems may not be enough to pay the full cost of providing improved water in those systems. Economies of scale in water treatment and difficulties in financing improvements mean that technical innovation, government assistance, or institutional changes may be needed to improve water quality in these areas. 相似文献
4.
Carl Folke Stephen Polasky Johan Rockstrm Victor Galaz Frances Westley Michle Lamont Marten Scheffer Henrik
sterblom Stephen R. Carpenter F. Stuart Chapin III Karen C. Seto Elke U. Weber Beatrice I. Crona Gretchen C. Daily Partha Dasgupta Owen Gaffney Line J. Gordon Holger Hoff Simon A. Levin Jane Lubchenco Will Steffen Brian H. Walker 《Ambio》2021,50(4):834
The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed an interconnected and tightly coupled globalized world in rapid change. This article sets the scientific stage for understanding and responding to such change for global sustainability and resilient societies. We provide a systemic overview of the current situation where people and nature are dynamically intertwined and embedded in the biosphere, placing shocks and extreme events as part of this dynamic; humanity has become the major force in shaping the future of the Earth system as a whole; and the scale and pace of the human dimension have caused climate change, rapid loss of biodiversity, growing inequalities, and loss of resilience to deal with uncertainty and surprise. Taken together, human actions are challenging the biosphere foundation for a prosperous development of civilizations. The Anthropocene reality—of rising system-wide turbulence—calls for transformative change towards sustainable futures. Emerging technologies, social innovations, broader shifts in cultural repertoires, as well as a diverse portfolio of active stewardship of human actions in support of a resilient biosphere are highlighted as essential parts of such transformations. 相似文献
5.
6.
Charles E. Billings Leslie Silverman Richard Dennis Lester H. Levenbaum 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(4):318-330
The trends in and relationships between ambient air concentrations of sulfur dioxide and sulfate aerosols at 48 urban sites and 27 nonurban sites throughout the U.S. between 1963 and 1972 have been analyzed. The substantial decreases in ambient SO2 concentrations measured at urban sites in the eastern and midwestern U.S. are consistent with the corresponding reductions in local SO2 emissions, but these decreases have been accompanied by only modest decreases in ambient sulfate concentrations. Large differences in the amounts of SO2 emitted within individual air quality control regions are associated with much smaller differences in the corresponding ambient sulfate concentrations. Substantial changes in the patterns of SO2 emissions between air quality regions result in essentially no differences between ambient sulfate concentrations in those air quality regions. Comparisons of several air quality regions in the eastern and western U.S. with similar SO2 emission levels and patterns of emissions clearly demonstrates the higher ambient sulfate concentration levels in eastern air quality control regions. Relationships between SO2, sulfates, and vanadium concentrations at eastern nonurban U.S. sites cannot be explained by local emission sources. These various observed results can be best explained by long distance sulfur oxide transport with chemical conversion of SO2 to sulfates occurring over ranges of hundreds of kilometers. This conclusion has been suggested earlier and the present analysis strongly supports previous discussions. An impact of long range transport of sulfates is to emphasize the need for Consistent strategies for reduction of sulfur oxides throughout large geographical regions. Additions of large capacities involving elevated sources in mid-continental or western regions could result in significant increases in sulfate concentrations well downwind of such sources. Some of the types of research activities required to quantitate crucial experimental parameters are discussed. 相似文献
7.
David Alexander Frances Sharples Annetta Watson Fred J. Brenner 《Environmental management》1990,14(3):411-414
Frances Sharples is a terrestrial ecologist in the Environmental Sciences Division of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory in
Oak Ridge, Tennessee, operated by Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Inc., under Contract No. DE-AC05-840R21400 with the US Department
of Energy. Publication No. 3413, Environmental Sciences Division, ORNL. 相似文献
8.
The Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) created by the 1986 Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act initially received
limited attention. During the early years of its implementation, the TRI has become the basis for a national experiment in
voluntaristic problem solving among citizens and industry, but that process of environmental democracy hinges on citizens'
ability to actually acquire, understand, and apply the new data on industrial toxic emissions. A national study of TRI-using
organizations in the public and private sectors reveals that effective citizen access depends in part on the efforts of intermediary
public interest groups to bridge individual needs and right-to-know data. Although the TRI has had early success as a supplement
to conventional command and control regulation, questions exist about the extent to which state and federal government should
or must provide special efforts to make environmental information access work for citizens. 相似文献
9.
Qinhua Fang Luoping Zhang Huasheng Hong Liyu Zhang Frances Bristow 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2008,10(1):41-49
Environmental planning at different levels has been called for by environmental departments in China during last years to
integrate environment consideration to economic development. Based on the accomplished environmental planning practice in
Xiamen China, the paper suggests a general environmental planning process with ecological function zoning as its key steps,
at the same time an effective method for ecological function zoning was formulated. The case studies of Dongfu suburban town
environmental planning and Xiamen eco-city conceptual planning indicate that scientifically sound results of ecological function
zoning can contribute to improving not only the adaptability and acceptability of environmental planning, also the environmental
management and the decision-making. The experience shows that the ecological function zoning methods should be applied according
to the principles of adaptive management, resource-based and community-based, so that it can integrate science into decision-making
process, avoiding both narrow-minded viewpoints of planners and natural resource use conflicts among variety of stakeholders.
Problems to be resolved in the future are also pointed out in the ending part. 相似文献
10.
Karen L. Stals Matthew Wakeling Júlia Baptista Richard Caswell Andrew Parrish Julia Rankin Carolyn Tysoe Garan Jones Adam C. Gunning Hana Lango Allen Lisa Bradley Angela F. Brady Helena Carley Jenny Carmichael Bruce Castle Deirdre Cilliers Helen Cox Charu Deshpande Abhijit Dixit Jacqueline Eason Frances Elmslie Andrew E. Fry Alan Fryer Muriel Holder Tessa Homfray Emma Kivuva Victoria McKay Ruth Newbury-Ecob Michael Parker Ravi Savarirayan Claire Searle Nora Shannon Deborah Shears Sarah Smithson Ellen Thomas Peter D. Turnpenny Vinod Varghese Pradeep Vasudevan Emma Wakeling Emma L. Baple Sian Ellard 《黑龙江环境通报》2018,38(1):33-43
针对传统教与学算法在解决复杂多峰函数优化问题时,具有局部最优且搜索开发能力较差的缺点,提出了一种改进的多学习教与学优化算法,新算法为学员的每一维加入不同的教学因子,设计了基于学员均值比较的教师选择策略和向教师及学员学习的多学习策略。基于多个单峰和多峰函数的仿真结果表明,新算法跟传统的、改进的教与学算法相比,在稳定性、寻优精度和收敛速度方面更具优势。 相似文献