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用扫描电镜分析表征大气气溶胶单颗粒 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
1 IntroductionAtmosphericaerosolsarecomplexmixture,originatedfromavarietyofsources.Mostoftheanalyticaltechniquesusedforitscharacterizationarebulkmethodsthatgenerateonesetofdatapersample,describingtheoverallcompositionofthesample .Toworkoutusefulinformationonpollu tionsources,itrequiresdataofagreatnumberofsamplesandmultivariatedataanalysismethodsusuallyareneeded .Ontheotherhand ,scanningelectronmicroscope energydispersiveX rayanaly sissystem (SEM EDX)isabletoprovideanalyticaldataforeachsing… 相似文献
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Factors controlling sediment and phosphorus export from two Belgian agricultural catchments 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Steegen A Govers G Takken I Nachtergaele J Poesen J Merckx R 《Journal of environmental quality》2001,30(4):1249-1258
Sediment and total phosphorus (TP) export vary through space and time. This study was conducted to determine the factors controlling sediment and TP export in two agricultural catchments situated in the Belgian Loess Belt. At the outlet of these catchments runoff discharge was continuously measured and suspended sediment samples were taken during rainfall events. Within the catchments vegetation type and cover, soil surface parameters, erosion features, sediment pathways, and rainfall characteristics were monitored. Total P content and sediment characteristics such as clay, organic carbon, and suspended sediment concentration were correlated. Total sediment and TP export differ significantly between the monitored catchments. Much of the difference is due to the occurrence of an extreme event in one catchment and the morphology and spatial organization of land use in the catchments. In one catchment, the direct connection between erosive areas and the catchment outlet by means of a road system contributed to a high sediment delivery ratio (SDR) at the outlet. In the other catchment, the presence of a wide valley in the center of the catchment caused sediment deposition. Vegetation also had an effect on sediment production and deposition. Thus, many factors control sediment and TP export from small agricultural catchments; some of these factors are related to the physical catchment characteristics such as morphology and landscape structure and are (semi)permanent, while others, such as vegetation cover and land use, are time dependent. 相似文献
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Å. Eliasson R.J.A. Jones F. Nachtergaele D.G. Rossiter J.-M. Terres J. Van Orshoven H. van Velthuizen K. Böttcher P. Haastrup C. Le Bas 《Environmental Science & Policy》2010,13(8):766-777
This article defines eight key climate, soil and terrain criteria that have been developed for the future delimitation of the Intermediate Less Favoured Areas (LFAs) support, a measure of the Common Agricultural Policy. The LFA scheme has existed since 1975 and is a broad mechanism for improving the viability of agriculture in areas with natural handicaps. The common criteria have been developed for the European Commission's Directorate-General for Agriculture and Rural Development to satisfy the objectives in the Rural Development Policy 2007–2013 (Axis II), which aim to improve the environment and the countryside by more sustainable land management. The criteria were developed by experts, coordinated by the European Commissions Joint Research Centre, to meet the requirement for a robust and harmonised approach of identifying areas that experience natural constraints to agriculture throughout the EU 27 Member States. The criteria proposed are: temperature, heat stress, drainage, soil texture and stoniness, soil rooting depth, soil chemical properties, soil moisture balance and slope. Each criterion is described and an indicative threshold for assessment of its impact on agriculture is provided. The criteria are currently being tested by the EU Member States for a future possible legislation. 相似文献
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Maud C. Quinzin Jonathan Sandoval-Castillo Joshua M. Miller Luciano B. Beheregaray Michael A. Russello Elizabeth A. Hunter James P. Gibbs Washington Tapia Freddy Villalva Adalgisa Caccone 《Conservation biology》2019,33(6):1404-1414
Hybridization poses a major challenge for species conservation because it threatens both genetic integrity and adaptive potential. Yet, hybridization can occasionally offer unprecedented opportunity for species recovery if the genome of an extinct taxon is present among living hybrids such that selective breeding could recapture it. We explored the design elements for establishing a captive-breeding program for Galapagos tortoises (Chelonoidis spp.) built around individuals with admixed ancestry involving an extinct species. The target individuals were hybrids between the extinct species from Floreana Island, C. niger, and an extant species, C. becki, which were recently found in the endemic range of C. becki, from Wolf Volcano on Isabela Island. We combined genotypic data from 35 tortoises with high ancestry from C. niger with forward-in-time simulations to explore captive breeding strategies that maximized overall genetic diversity and ancestry from C. niger while accommodating resource constraints, species biology, and the urgency to return tortoises to Floreana Island for facilitating ecosystem restoration. Overall genetic diversity was maximized when in the simulation tortoises were organized in relatively small breeding groups. Substantial amounts of the C. niger genome were captured despite limited resources available for selectively breeding tortoises in captivity. Genetic diversity was maximized when captive-bred offspring were released to the wild rather than being used as additional breeders. Our results provide genetic-based and practical guidance on the inclusion of hybrids with genomic representation from extinct taxa into species restoration programs and informs the ongoing debate on the value of hybrids in biodiversity conservation. 相似文献
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Eric Jauniaux Catherine Donner Christine Thomas Jacques Francotte Frédéric Rodesch Freddy E. Avni 《黑龙江环境通报》1988,8(8):557-563
Prenatal diagnosis of cord defects by means of ultrasound examination is possible and highly accurate. Although this is a rare pathological finding, we report two cases in which umbilical cord pseudocysts were associated with trisomy 18. These observations underscore the need of umbilical blood sampling for establishing the karyotype in fetuses with such umbilical cord anomalies and the importance of careful examination of placentas and infants born with such defects. 相似文献
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History of Bioengineering Techniques for Erosion Control in Rivers in Western Europe 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Andre Evette Sophie Labonne Freddy Rey Frederic Liebault Oliver Jancke Jacky Girel 《Environmental management》2009,43(6):972-984
Living plants have been used for a very long time throughout the world in structures against soil erosion, as traces have
been found dating back to the first century BC. Widely practiced in Western Europe during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries,
bioengineering was somewhat abandoned in the middle of the twentieth century, before seeing a resurgence in recent times.
Based on an extensive bibliography, this article examines the different forms of bioengineering techniques used in the past
to manage rivers and riverbanks, mainly in Europe. We compare techniques using living material according to their strength
of protection against erosion. Many techniques are described, both singly and in combination, ranging from tree planting or
sowing seeds on riverbanks to dams made of fascine or wattle fences. The recent appearance of new materials has led to the
development of new techniques, associated with an evolution in the perception of riverbanks.
This study was part of a research project on river bioengineering funded by the French Ministère de l’Ecologie, de l’Energie,
du Développement Durable et de l’Aménagement du Territoire, Direction Générale de la Prévention des Risques. 相似文献
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Catherine Donner MD Jean-Christophe Noel Françoise Rypens Jean van Kerkem Freddy Avni Frédéric Rodesch 《黑龙江环境通报》1995,15(1):60-63
A 29-year-old woman was referred for suspicion of twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS). Several ultrasonographic and neonatal criteria of TTTS were encountered in this twin pregnancy. The peculiar observations in this case were, firstly, the demonstration of superficial anastomosis by Doppler ultrasound and, secondly, that one single therapeutic amniocentesis could have been sufficient to partially correct the progression of the syndrome, as after amniocentesis it was no longer possible to demonstrate the vascular communication. This observation suggests that superficial anastomoses could also have a role in the genesis of TTTS. Their effect could be monitored by Doppler ultrasound and could be more easily corrected by therapeutic amniocentesis. 相似文献
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We use an equilibrium model of a monetary economy to understand the economics behind the correlation between inflation and oil futures returns. We find that some of the positive correlation found in empirical studies is due to the fact that oil is in the consumption basket; however, this accounts only for a minor part of it. There exist other important sources of correlation related to monetary shocks and output shocks. In particular, we find that the correlation is extremely sensitive to the reaction of the central bank to output shocks, while the reaction to inflation changes is less significant. We estimate our model using maximum likelihood with the following data sets: crude oil futures prices, nominal interest rates, inflation rates and money supply growth rates. Our estimates suggest that the monetary authority overreacts to output shocks by increasing the money supply in a more than necessary amount, generating a significant source of positive correlation. From a practical perspective, We find that it is a good strategy to use as a hedge, the futures whose maturity is closer to the hedging horizon. This is particularly true for short-term hedging. 相似文献
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