太湖表层沉积物中多磷酸盐检出的环境意义

在氮限制型富营养化湖泊中,沉积多磷酸盐(Poly-P)可以用来示踪营养盐磷的输入和湖泊的富营养化过程。太湖是一个典型的磷限制型富营养化湖泊,通过对太湖表层沉积物中总有机碳(TOC)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、氢氧化钠可提取磷(NaOH-P)以及Poly-P的提取分析,初步探讨了太湖营养盐磷输入的历史记录,并揭示了该湖Poly-P的主要来源和保存机制。太湖Poly-P的质量浓度较低,变化范围为0.004~0.065mg·g-1。NaOH-P占TP组成的22%,是太湖沉积物总磷的主要组成部分之一。结果显示,在湖泊水体藻类生物量较大和NaOH-P是沉积物TP重要组成部分的磷限制型湖泊中,Poly-P也是沉积物磷汇组成的一个重要部分,同时还是一个可以反映由人为磷输入增大导致湖泊富营养化程度加剧的敏感指标。     

肺炎疫情期间医护人员心理危机干预效果分析

为提升医护人员心理健康水平,该文对肺炎疫情期间医护人员实施心理危机干预并分析其效果,以参与2020年1月25日-2月25日湖北省武汉市新冠肺炎疫情期间救治工作的300名医护人员作为研究对象,平均划分为实验组和对照组,其中针对实验组实施统一的心理危机干预训练,此期间对照组未参与训练但日常生活与实验组统一,选取四种量表分别对干预前后的两组实施测评。测评结果表明,干预后实验组的SCL-90各因子得分、SDS得分及SAS得分较干预前均下降明显,且下降幅度超过对照组;实验组干预后的GQOLI总得分与各维度得分均较干预前显著升高,且升高幅度高于对照组。综上,心理危机干预可显著提升医护人员的心理健康水平,缓解其心理紧张等症状,能够在一定程度上降低肺炎疫情期间医护人员的心理危机感。     

洞穴沉积物的环境记录研究进展

云贵高原有着独特的地理环境 ,其气候变迁应与青藏高原这一特殊的高海拔、低纬度的隆升地块有重要关系。洞穴化学沉积物是响应环境变化的地质记录档案 ,通过对它蕴藏的古气候信息的解译 ,可以反演过去的气候变化。本文侧重介绍了洞穴次生化学沉积物研究近年来取得的最新成果及其研究现状 ,并利用其在古环境研究中的优点 ,来讨论青藏高原的抬升对西南地区环境变化产生的屏蔽效应的可能性。     

三峡库区高水位运行期典型干支流水体CO2分压及其水面通量特征

本文以三峡库区典型干支流作为研究对象,重点研究高水位运行期库湾水体及库区干流CO2分压(p CO2)的分布规律,计算CO2的扩散通量和释放总量。本研究于2013年9月至11月利用走航式观测系统对库区奉节段干支流表层水体及定点剖面水体中p CO2和相关水质参数进行了逐月观测。研究结果表明,干支流表层水体p CO2的分布和扩散通量差异显著。干流CO2扩散通量(F-CO2)9月至11月变化不大,为28.19±0.80mmol/(m2·d);支流在观测期内,扩散通量由负变正,其中朱衣河F-CO2从-6.86增至32.05mmol/(m2·d);梅溪河从-6.94增至37.85mmol/(m2·d),草堂河从-6.97增至31.05mmol/(m2·d)。由10至11月的数据推广到全年的高水位运行阶段(10月至次年1月),全库区CO2排放量可达166 450t,其中支流占30.17%。     

辽宁大伙房水库总氮总磷污染成因分析

通过对辽宁大伙房水库水中总氮、总磷的监测和对其上游污染源的调查,文章对辽宁大伙房水库水中总氮、总磷的污染成因进行了分析并提出了治理对策。     

汽车排气催化净化用金属载体的生产工艺与设备

针对目前我国汽车排气净化催化剂用金属载体的生产现状和发展趋势进行了研究 ,简述了国内外汽车排气净化用金属载体的生产概况 ,对金属载体的工艺性能要求与陶瓷载体进行了比较 ;对金属载体的生产工艺与设备参数以及金属蜂窝载体的产品技术条件进行了分析和介绍。     

Historical record of nutrients inputs into the Xin’an Reservoir and its potential environmental implication

The Xin’an Reservoir is an important water supply source and water conservation area for the Qiantang River. However, after the occurrence of the two algae blooms in 1998 and 1999, the safety of water quality has been put into question. In order to study the historical deposition of nutrients, sediment cores were collected in different regions from the Xin’an Reservoir. The stable isotopes δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N, nutrients, total organic carbon (TOC), and inorganic carbon (IC) in the sediment cores were determined. Radiometric methods (²¹⁰Pb and ¹³⁷Cs) were used to obtain sediment chronologies. Spatially, it was found that the average total nitrogen (TN) content in the upper 5 cm of sediments increased from 0.21% in the riverine zone, to 0.33%, and then to 0.57% in the lacustrine zone. The average TP content in the upper 5 cm increased from 0.67 g kg^?1 in the riverine zone, to 1.03 g kg^?1 in the estuary region, and then to 1.65 g kg^?1 in the lacustrine zone. In addition, TOC levels showed a distinct increase from 1.42% in the bottom to 5.97% in the surface of the lacustrine zone. These results demonstrated that although primary productivity and the input of nutrients constantly increased in recent years, algae blooms rarely occurred in the Xin’an Reservoir, due to “depth effect” and an aquatic environment protection-oriented fishery policy. However, high TOC flux and high bio-available phosphorus and nitrogen in surface sediment demonstrated that the reservoir is still confronted with the potential risk of algae blooms.     

库仑池的自动补液

大气中ＮＯ２、ＳＯ２湿法测定仪的核心部件是库仑池．工作时被测气体会不断带走池中电解液，而导致停机．本文所述就是库仑池的自动补液的一种方法     

土壤有机碳地球化学及其与岩溶作用的关系──以桂林丫吉村岩溶试验场为例

岩溶土壤有机碳地球化学研究表明：岩溶土壤是有机碳的巨大储库；土壤有机碳含量以松结态为主，紧结态次之，稳结态最少；土壤表层，鞍部、坡地土壤有机碳较活跃（较多松结态），为岩溶作用CO2的丰富来源。有机碳可氧化性分级分析表明：表层土壤有机碳中易氧化态占60－85％，A层土壤较B层更易被氧化；土壤来源CO2是岩溶驱动CO2的潜在动力。从鞍部－坡地－洼地，B层土壤有机磷可氧化性由弱到强递增。野外监测表明：在干、晴气候下，岩溶土壤CO2含量高且CO2释放速率大，岩溶作用欠发育；在湿雨气候下．岩溶土壤CO2含量及CO2释放速率急剧降低，岩溶作用发育；雨后转晴．岩溶土壤CO2含量及CO2释放速率逐渐增高，岩溶作用减弱。     

Changes in nutrient ratios and phytoplankton community structure caused by hydropower development in the Maotiao River,China

Reservoirs created for hydropower production have become an important feature impacting a river. Understanding the effects of river impoundment on the downstream environment is critical to decision-making for water resource protection. The changes caused by impoundment are changes in water quality and the resulting effect on the phytoplankton community structure. The impacts caused by a series of reservoirs along a river are still not well understood. In this study, we conducted an investigation of five reservoirs along the Maotiao River, China. We found that a series of impoundments plays a role in decreasing the phytoplankton biomass in downstream reservoirs. Within the studied area, nitrogen is not a limiting factor for phytoplankton growth. The ratio of silicon to phosphorus (Si:P) can become a major factor in the regulation of phytoplankton community structure. The Si:P ratio increased from upstream to downstream reservoirs, causing a concurrent increase in the percentage of Bacillariophyta, particularly during the winter. In addition, our results indicate that the creation of dams eliminates Si limitation downstream.