包头市生态环境问题及对策研究

本文在对包头市生态环境现状存在的问题进行了概述,并重点针对目前生态环境保护与管理提出了对策措施。     

城市恶臭污染环境影响

随着工业的发展和城市化进程的加快,城市恶臭污染影响日趋严重。目前,城市主要恶臭污染源包括城镇污水厂、生活垃圾填埋场以及化工、炼油等工业排放源,生活污染源对居住环境的影响也不容忽视。为切实改善城市居民生活环境质量,政府及管理部门应加快建立完善的恶臭环境标准体系,从管理层面、技术改进及公众监督三个方面共同促进我国环境空气质量与城市居住环境质量的改善。     

包头市试验区土壤、粉煤灰、水库淤泥、污水沉淀物物性特征研究

本研究主要试验地区是内蒙古包头市,选择典型退化土壤(80%为栗钙土)作为试验区,通过系统分析测定退化土壤、"三种废弃物"的各项理化特性,进一步对"三种废弃物"改良退化土壤的效果及改良机理作探索性跟踪研究,进一步丰富了"三种废弃物"影响土壤生态特性的理论研究成果,并为退化土壤修复提供实践经验。     

Impact of phosphate additive on organic carbon component degradation during pig manure composting

Phosphate, as an additive to composting, could significantly reduce ammonia emission and nitrogen loss but may also cause adverse effects on the degradation of organic matter. However, there is little information about the influence of pH change, salt content, and phosphate on different organic fraction degradation during composting with the addition of phosphate at a higher level. In this study, the equimolar phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄), sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄), and dipotassium phosphate (K₂HPO₄) were added into pig manure composting with 0.25 mol mass per kilogram of dry matter basis addition amount to evaluate the effect of H⁺, PO₄^3?, and salinity on carbon component transformation and organic matter degradation. The results showed that both H₃PO₄ and K₂HPO₄ additives could lead to shorter duration in the thermophilic phase, lower degradation of lignocellulose, and lesser carbon loss compared to CK, even though had different pH, i.e., acidic and alkaline conditions, respectively. Besides, the addition of H₃PO₄, H₂SO₄, and K₂HPO₄ could increase the degradation of soluble protein and lipid during composting. Redundancy analysis demonstrated that the variation in different organic carbon fractions was significantly correlated with the changes of pH and the presence of PO₄^3?, but not with SO₄^2? and electrical conductivity, suggesting that pH and phosphate were the more predominant factors than salinity for the inhibition of organic matter degradation. Taken together, as acidic phosphate addition produces a true advantage of controlling nitrogen loss and lower inhibition of organics transformation during composting, the expected effects may result in more efficient composting products.

     

用富硫尾矿制取砌筑材料的实验研究

运用X射线衍射、红外光谱和扫描电镜等微观测试手段 ,进行了高炉矿渣在与富硫尾矿共存的试样中水化反应情况的考察 ,以及试样机械强度等宏观性质的检测 ,为制取砌筑材料确定出了激发剂种类、养护时间、最佳配方和生产工艺条件。最后制得了含富硫尾矿砂 87% ,抗压强度大于 5 8MPa的砌筑材料。为富硫尾矿的无害处理及环境保护提供了新途径