亚热带城市河流生态河岸的研究

随着生活水平的提高,城市河流生态河岸日益受到重视.从城市河流河岸的现状分析,到国内外城市河流生态河岸的研究,包括城市河流生态河岸的规划与实践,较为全面的体现了城市河流生态河岸的结构与功能,并提供了亚热带城市河流生态河岸的研究案例,基于亚热带的气候条件及研究基础,为亚热带城市河流生态河岸进一步研究提供参考.     

青海共和盆地降尘观测与137Cs测定的初步结果

通过对1998～1999年共和盆地的降尘观测和尘样的¹³⁷Cs分析,测定了降尘速率及其月分配;对尘源进行了¹³⁷Cs示踪,并从理论上估算出降尘产生的¹³⁷Cs再分配,对沉积速率的计算模型进行了讨论.作为采用¹³⁷Cs法研究沙尘暴降尘的一次尝试,这些初步结果对沙尘暴测定及其强度评估等方面研究有一定的借鉴作用.     

印染行业染色废水处理新工艺的试验研究

采用混凝—水解酸化—生物接触氧化—二次混凝新工艺处理印染行业染色废水,研究了PFS、PAC、PAFC 3种混凝剂对废水处理的效果,水解酸化池水力停留时间对废水可生化性的影响,混凝-水解酸化-生物接触氧化工艺联合运行效果,二次混凝PAFC投加量对生化出水的处理效果.结果表明,PAFC对染色废水处理效果优于PFS、PAC,在投加量为300 mg/L时,CODCr的去除率达到40％,色度的去除率达到65％;水解酸化池最佳水力停留时间为8h,对CODCr去除率达30％,色度去除率达60％;接触氧化生化池对CODCr去除率达70％,色度去除率达50％;二次混凝沉淀实验PAFC在投加量为60mg/L时,生化出水CODCr、色度去除率均达到50％,废水各项指标达到《纺织染整工业污染物排放标准》(GB4287-1992)一级排放标准的要求.     

《深圳经济特区环境保护条例》述评

《深圳经济特区环境保护条例》作出了比国家环境法律更为严格的规定，尤以操作性强为特征。开发自然资源者必须缴纳态补偿费，超标准排污费征收额必须高于污染治理费用，扩大限治理措施运用范围且授权环境保护行政主管部门行使这一权力，处罚措施体现预防优先原则，罚款措施运用力度加大，这些鲜明特点体现了深圳市地方环境立法适应实行社会主义市场经济的明显转变。     

基于GIS的露天煤矿土地复垦信息系统的建立

通过对露天煤矿土地复垦特点和ＧＩＳ强大功能的分析，阐述了露天煤矿矿土地复垦信息系统建立的设计思想，系统结构，功能和实现途径，并在安太堡露天煤矿人工重建的生态系统上进行运行、验证。结果表明：该系统运行良好。     

强化企业安全检查力度及效果的对策

安全检查是现代安全管理中最有效的手段 ,也是企业发现事故隐患、促进现场安全文明生产的好途径。介绍了安全检查作用及特性 ,并结合目前安全检查存在的不足 ,提出了一些强化安全检查效果的对策。     

响应面法优化克浅十油田废水的混凝沉淀工艺

以克浅十污水处理站原水为研究对象,采用混凝沉淀工艺,探讨优选出的复配混凝剂投加量、助凝剂投加量及静置时间对原水中浊度和总铁去除效果的影响.应用Box-Behnken中心组合实验和响应面分析法,建立混凝剂对处理原水的二次多项式数学模型,确定了混凝沉淀去除原水浊度和总铁的优化工艺参数分别为:复配混凝剂投加量为152.15 mg/L、143.84 mg/L,助凝剂投加量为4.14 mg/L、4.32 mg/L,静置时间为11.77 min、11.22 min.在此工艺条件下回归方程得到的浊度和总铁的去除率预测值与实验值接近,且拟合性良好,误差介于3％～5％之间.通过均值内插法,对比浊度和总铁的多元二次回归方程,推导得出的2组最佳工艺条件均能满足浊度和总铁的去除要求.     

模拟升温和放牧对高寒草甸土壤微生物群落的影响

通过开顶式温室(Open top chambers,OTCs)升温以及刈割+施加牛粪处理,应用磷脂脂肪酸(Phospholipid fatty acids,PLFAs)方法,研究了青藏高原东部高寒草甸土壤微生物群落结构对气候变暖和放牧的响应.结果表明,高寒草甸在生长季节,微生物群落以细菌为主.平均1.17℃的土壤升温使土壤微生物PLFAs总量增加34.58%,而春季割草结合牛粪施加使微生物PLFAs总量增加65.77%.模拟变暖和放牧均引起土壤微生物群落结构的显著变化.升温使细菌相对含量增加8.80%,而使真菌相对含量降低17.48%,细菌与真菌之比由7.3变为9.6.放牧使细菌相对含量增加8.40%,真菌相对含量降低14.04%,细菌与真菌之比由7.3变为9.2.OTCs升温+放牧处理比单独的升温或放牧处理对土壤微生物总量和细菌与真菌比值的影响更加明显.本研究表明,气候变暖和人类活动能够在短期内显著地改变青藏高原高寒草甸土壤微生物群落结构,进而可能影响这一地区的生态系统碳收支和养分循环.     

Effect of chemical dose on phosphorus removal and membrane fouling control in a UCT-MBR

Phosphorus removal was enhanced effectively by dosing aluminum sulfate and effluent phosphorus concentration was lower than 0.5 mg/L. Sludge activity was not inhibited but improved slightly with addition of aluminum sulfate. EPS concentrations both in mixed liquid and on membrane surface were decreased, contributing to the effective mitigation of membrane fouling. To enhance phosphorus removal and make the effluent meet the strict discharge level of total phosphorus (TP, 0.5 mg/L), flocculant dosing is frequently applied. In this study, the performance of aluminum sulfate dosing in a University of Cape Town Membrane Bioreactor (UCT-MBR) was investigated, in terms of the nutrients removal performance, sludge characteristics and membrane fouling. The results indicated that the addition of aluminum sulfate into the aerobic reactor continuously had significantly enhanced phosphorus removal. Moreover, COD, NH₄⁺-N and TN removal were not affected and effluent all met the first level A criteria of GB18918-2002. In addition, the addition of aluminum sulfate had improved the sludge activity slightly and reduced trans-membrane pressure (TMP) increase rate from 1.13 KPa/d to 0.57 KPa/d effectively. The membrane fouling was alleviated attributed to the increased average particle sizes and the decreased accumulation of the small sludge particles on membrane surface. Furthermore, the decline of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) concentration in mixed sludge liquid decreased its accumulation on membrane surface, resulting in the mitigation of membrane fouling directly.     

Heavy metals in soils from a typical industrial area in Sichuan,China: spatial distribution,source identification,and ecological risk assessment

Anthropogenic activities could result in increasing concentrations of heavy metals in soil and deteriorating in soil environmental quality. Topsoil samples from a typical industrial area, Shiting River Valley, Sichuan, Southwest China, were collected and determined for the concentrations of Cu, Zn, Cr, Cd, As, and Hg. The mean concentrations of these metals were lower than the national threshold values, but were slightly higher than their corresponding background values, indicating enrichment of these metals in soils in the valley, especially for Cu, Zn, and Hg. The topsoils in this area demonstrated moderate pollution and low potential ecological risk. Principal component analysis coupled with cluster analysis was applied to analyze the data and identified possible sources of these heavy metals; the results showed that soil Cd, Hg, As, Cu, and Zn were predominantly controlled by human activities, whereas Cr was mainly from the parent material. The spatial distribution of the heavy metals varied distinctly and was closely correlated to local anthropogenic activities. Furthermore, the concentrations of heavy metals in the industrial land demonstrated relatively higher levels than those of other land use patterns. Soil metal concentrations decreased with the distance increase from the traffic highway (0–1.0 km) and water system (0–2.0 km). Additionally, soil properties, especially pH and soil organic matter, were found to be important factors in the distribution and composition of metals.