景观用再生水氮磷条件下两种典型水华藻类的生长及竞争规律

针对再生水景观水体的藻类控制,以BG11培养基为基础,设定不同氮磷浓度,对铜绿微囊藻和小球藻进行了纯培养和共培养实验。实验结果表明:初始总氮浓度为15 mg/L、总磷浓度为0.1 mg/L时两种藻就能出现明显的生长高峰;当总氮浓度为3⁴5 mg/L,氮磷比为3045 mg/L,氮磷比为30¹50的情况下,小球藻在与铜绿微囊藻的竞争中容易成为优势藻种。     

Effect of ammonium on nitrous oxide emission during denitrification with different electron donors

Nitrous oxide(N2O) emission during denitrification is receiving intensive attention due to its high potential to cause greenhouse effects.In this study,denitrifiers were acclimated in sequencing batch reactors with methanol or acetate as the electron donor and nitrate as the electron acceptor.The effects of ammonium on N2O emission were examined in batch experiments with various electron donors.With the addition of ammonium,N2O emission increased under all the examined conditions compared to experiments without ammonium addition.With different electron donors,the highest ratio of N2O emission to the removed oxidized nitrogen was 0.70% for methanol,5.34% for acetate,and 34.79% for polyhydroxybutyrate.     

四溴双酚A在污水脱氮除磷过程中迁移转化试验研究

四溴双酚A(TBBPA)是一种使用广泛的阻燃剂,其扩散到环境介质中,会对生态和人体健康构成威胁,以往研究较少关注TBBPA在脱氮除磷工艺中的迁移转化.采用实验室SBR脱氮除磷反应器,研究了TBBPA在工艺长期运行过程中的去除、在典型周期过程中的变化、在硝化和反硝化过程中的去除.TBBPA在工艺长期运行过程中的去除率为48.4%,其中生物去除率为44.4%,吸附去除率为4.0%.在典型周期中TBBPA浓度受pH影响很大.TBBPA在硝化过程的去除主要是生物作用,而在反硝化过程的去除主要是吸附作用.     

化学纤维栅湿式过滤除尘的实验研究

化学纤维栅湿式除尘是一种复合机理的新型湿式过滤除尘技术,其过滤风速为2～10m/s,阻力仅为200～500Pa,除尘效率达到99.62％,能很好解决矿山溜井卸矿产生的粉尘,使溜井含尘气流经净化后达到新鲜风流卫生标准。     

Thermochemical pretreatment of meat and bone meal and its effect on methane production

Since the solubilization of meat and bone meal (MBM) is a prerequisite in many MBM disposal approaches, enhancement of the solubilization by means of thermochemical pretreatment was investigated in this study at two temperatures (55°C and 131°C) and six sodium hydroxide (NaOH) concentrations (0, 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 g/L). The MBM volatile solid (VS) reduction ratio was up to 66% and 70% at 55°C and 131°C, respectively. At the same temperature, the VS reduction ratio increased with the increase in the dosage of NaOH. The study on the methane (CH₄) production potential of pretreated MBM shows that the addition of NaOH at 55°C did not cause the inhibition of the succeeding CH₄ production process. However, CH₄ production was inhibited by the addition of NaOH at 131°C. The CH₄ production potential was in the range of 389 to 503 mL CH₄/g VS MBM and 464 to 555 mL CH₄/g VS MBM at 55°C and 131°C, respectively.     

高氨氮废水短程硝化过程中N2O释放试验研究

试验采用序批式反应器(SBR)处理高氨氮废水,逐步提高废水氨氮(NH+4-N)浓度到800 mg·L-1,通过控制曝气量实现了短程硝化.SBR周期试验表明,在低溶解氧和高游离氨等共同作用下,氨氧化菌(AOB)活性较低,导致AOB以亚硝酸盐氮(NO_2~--N)作为电子受体进行好氧反硝化,氧化亚氮(N_2O)释放因子为9.8%.静态试验控制初始NH_4~+-N为100 mg·L-1且改变曝气量(0.22~0.88 L·min~(-1))条件下,溶解氧浓度的增加能够提高硝化菌活性,N2O释放因子为0.51%~0.85%.当初始NH_4~+-N浓度为100 mg·L~(-1)且曝气量控制在0.66 L·min-1时,初始NO-2-N浓度为0~100 mg·L~(-1)对硝化菌活性影响较小,N2O释放因子为0.50%~0.71%.当溶解氧和游离氨浓度控制在适宜范围内,可维持AOB较高活性,抑制AOB发生好氧反硝化作用,降低N2O释放率.     

N2O emission from a sequencing batch reactor for biological N and P removal from wastewater

Nitrous oxide （N2O） is a greenhouse gas that can be released during biological nitrogen removal from wastewater. N2O emission from a sequencing batch reactor （SBR） for biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal from wastewater was investigated, and the aims were to examine which process, nitrification or denitrification, would contribute more to N2Oemission and to study the effects of heterotrophic activities on N2O emission during nitrification. The results showed that N2O emission was mainly attributed to nitrification rather than to denitrification. N2O emission during denitrification mainly occurred with stored organic carbon as the electron donor. During nitrification, NaO emission was increased with increasing initial ammonium or nitrite concentrations. The ratio of N2O emission to the removed ammonium nitrogen （N2O- N/NH4-N） was 2.5% in the SBR system with high heterotrophic activities, while this ratio was in the range from 0.14% to 1.06% in batch nitrification experiments with limited heterotrophic activities.     

Enhanced the photoelectrochemical performance of Bi2XO6 (X = W, Mo) for detecting hexavalent chromium by modification of CuS

In this work, Bi₂XO₆ (X = W, Mo) are synthesized at different temperatures. The results of tests find the optimal temperatures of Bi₂WO₆ and Bi₂MoO₆ are 180 and 160°C (BW-180, BM-160). Then, BW-180 and BM-160 are further compounded with different contents of CuS. The results of photoelectrochemical (PEC) tests show that CuS can improve the PEC performance of semiconductor materials, and it has better performance when CuS mass fraction is 5%. These maybe the photoelectron potentials generated by CuS/Bi₂XO₆ (X = Mo, W) heterojunction reduce the combination of photogenerated electrons and holes. When the PEC sensor based on 5%-CuS/BW-180 detects Cr(VI), it has a linear range of 1–80 μmol/L with detection limit of 0.95 μmol/L, while the PEC sensor based on 5%-CuS/BM-160 detects Cr(VI) has a linear range of 0.5–230 μmol/L and a detection limit of 0.12 μmol/L. Thus, 5%-CuS/Bi₂XO₆ has potential application in hexavalent chromium detection.     

Aerobic N2O emission for activated sludge acclimated under different aeration rates in the multiple anoxic and aerobic process

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) is a potent greenhouse gas that can be emitted during biological nitrogen removal. N₂O emission was examined in a multiple anoxic and aerobic process at the aeration rates of 600 mL/min sequencing batch reactor (SBR_L) and 1200 mL/min (SBR_H). The nitrogen removal percentage was 89% in SBR_L and 71% in SBR_H, respectively. N₂O emission mainly occurred during the aerobic phase, and the N₂O emission factor was 10.1% in SBR_L and 2.3% in SBR_H, respectively. In all batch experiments, the N₂O emission potential was high in SBR_L compared with SBR_H. In SBR_L, with increasing aeration rates, the N₂O emission factor decreased during nitrification, while it increased during denitrification and simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND). By contrast, in SBR_H the N₂O emission factor during nitrification, denitrification and SND was relatively low and changed little with increasing aeration rates. The microbial competition affected the N₂O emission during biological nitrogen removal.     

污水特质(水征)评价及其在污水再生处理工艺研究中的应用

近年来,在污水高标准处理研究和工程实践中,发现和遇到越来越多的现有常规水质指标、工艺理论和技术知识等难以解释的新现象和难以解决的新问题.以逐步建立水质复杂体系研究理论和方法体系,构筑科学、有效的污水处理风险管理和安全保障管理系统为目标,介绍了污水的复杂体系特征,阐述了污水高标准处理中工艺设计、运行和诊断面临系统理论方法缺失的问题及其根源,提出了可有效支撑污水工艺研究的污水特质,即"水征（water feature）"的概念.通过分析污水中污染物的浓度水平、组分特征、安全性和稳定性及其时空变化,定义了水征"四维度"内涵,即污染物污染程度、组分特征、毒害效应和转化潜势等4个维度.研究和实践案例表明,水征能有效支撑水质安全评价、处理特性预测、处理工艺设计和工艺诊断优化等.在以水环境质量改善和环境风险控制为目标的污水高标准处理新阶段,基于水征研究,发展高效处理工艺、构筑科学有效的风险管理和安全保障体系尤为重要.今后需深入、持续开展污水处理中水征指标评价方法与理论体系、水征与污染物处理关键技术开发与工艺优化、水征与风险评价管理等方面的研究.