系统安全性评价的AHP方法及在热处理作业系统中的应用

介绍了系统安全评价的ＡＨＰ方法，叙述了该方法的基本步骤，并以某公司热处理分厂评忏为实例，证明了该方法的有效性和实用性。     

浅谈挥发性有机废气的处理方法

本文介绍了挥发性有机废气的生物处理方法和技术应用,对在国内外应用较广的吸附法、热破坏法、冷凝法、生物法进行了阐述,通过和其它废气处理工艺进行的经济技术对比,表明了生物处理工艺在其适用范围内的优越性.     

Substrate-induced changes in microbial community-level physiological profiles and their application to discriminate soil microbial communities

The addition of simple substrates could affect the microbial respiration in soils. This substrate-induced respiration is widely used to estimate the soil microbial biomass, but little attention has been paid to its influence on the changes of community-level physiological profiles. In this study, the process of microbial communities responding to the added substrate using sole-carbon-source utilization （BIOLOG） was investigated. BIOLOG is biased toward fast-growing bacteria; this advantage was taken to detect the prompt response of the active microbial communities to the added substrate. Four soil samples from agricultural fields adjacent to heavy metal mines were amended with L-arginine, citric acid, or D-glucose. Substrate amendments could, generally, not only increase the metabolic activity of the microbial communities, but also change the metabolic diverse patterns compared with no-substrate control. By tracking the process, it was found that the variance between substrate-induced treatment and control fluctuated greatly during the incubation course, and the influences of these three substrates were different. In addition, the application of these induced changes to discriminate soil microbial communities was tested. The distance among all samples was greatly increased, which further showed the functional variance among microbial communities in soils. This can be very useful in the discrimination of microbial communities even with high similarity.     

非沥青基煤质氧化活性炭的脱硝特性

采用固定床反应器、XPS、FTIR和BET等技术研究了脱硝过程中脱硝时间和温度与烟气中NH3和O2浓度对非沥青基煤质氧化活性炭(NPAC-WO)脱除NO的影响及其作用机理。结果表明:在脱硝反应初期生成新活性位或活性官能团促使脱硝率由15.94%增大为39.89%;烟气中O2浓度增加有利于NOx脱除;在30 ℃,NPAC-WO无氨条件下可直接吸附NOx,V(NH3)/V(NO)大于0.8时,NH3存在也可促进NOx脱除;低温和高温均利于NOx的脱除,在30 ℃和250 ℃时,脱硝率分别高达73.05%和99.20%。     

循环水养殖系统中流化床水处理性能及硝化动力学分析

为综合评价流化床生物滤器的水处理性能,选用玻璃珠和石英砂为生物填料,将两滤器应用于罗非鱼循环水养殖系统,探讨了其对养殖水体中营养盐和有机物的去除效果.结果表明,两滤器经过4周的流水挂膜后,生物膜稳定成熟,通过扫描电镜观察填料表面,发现挂膜前后载体表面发生了显著的变化.在优化工况下,以玻璃珠为填料的滤器对TAN的平均去除负荷达到了(346.8±150.5)g/(m3·d),显著高于以石英砂为填料的滤器,但两滤器对COD、BOD5和PO43--P的去除率无显著差别,去除率稳定于20%~21.4%、50.1%~58.4%和7.9%~31.9%之间,显示出较好的水处理性能,出水水质符合罗非鱼生长要求.最后,基于Monod方程,拟合了实际工况下以玻璃珠为填料流化床生物滤器的硝化动力学方程,为该滤器在循环水养殖系统中的高效运行和应用提供一定的技术支撑.     

浅析中国的电子垃圾治理

本文分析了电子垃圾的成分、特征、危害以及中国电子垃圾现状,并在借鉴国外先进经验的基础上,进一步探讨了中国电子垃圾污染现状的原因和如何规范并合理地处理和回收电子垃圾,通过从法律、市场、企业和政府等多方面分析,提出了防治电子垃圾污染的建议和措施,同时呼吁社会各界共同关注电子垃圾对我们生存环境的影响,提高资源化废弃物和循环经济理念,提高全社会的环境保护意识,鼓励公众参与,这对促进中国经济的可持续发展和构建和谐社会具有重大意义。     

粉煤灰负载壳聚糖去除水中低浓度磷的研究

磷是富营养化限制因子,同时,中国主要能源是煤,每年会产生大量的粉煤灰废弃物;壳聚糖广泛存在于自然界,在水处理中的应用前景广阔。利用粉煤灰负载壳聚糖处理水中的磷既可以减少水中的污染物质,成本低,耗能少,又可以使固体废物得到有效的利用。实验中,以粉煤灰负载壳聚糖作为吸附剂,对磷酸盐的吸附进行了实验研究。讨论了废水的pH值、吸附平衡时间、吸附剂的投加量和吸附温度等各个因素对磷酸盐去除率的影响。研究表明:在粉煤灰负载壳聚糖的投加量为6 g/L、废水浓度为3 mg/L、吸附温度为30℃、吸附时间为30 min的条件下,P的去除率可达90%左右。     

Second organic aerosol formation from the ozonolysis of -pinene in the presence of dry submicron ammonium sulfate aerosol

An indoor chamber facility is described for investigation of atmospheric aerosol chemistry. Two sets of α-pinene ozonolysisexperiments were conducted in the presence of dry ammonium sulfate seed particle: ozone limited experiments and α-pinene limitedexperiments. The concentration of gas phase and particle phase species was monitored continuously by on-line instruments andrecorded automatically by data sampling system. The evolution of size distribution was measured by a scanning mobility particlesizer (SMPS), and α-pinene consumed was measured using GC-FID. Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) produced for seed-free systemis 100% organic in content, resulting from a sufficient supersaturation of low volatility organics to produce homogeneous nucleationfollowed by condensation to the aerosol. Secondary organic aerosol produced in seeded system is a mixture of organic and inorganicconstituents, initially forms via condensation onto the inorganic particles, and subsequent growth occurs via absorption into the organicsurface coating the inorganic core. Although the formation process and the size distribution for seed-free system and seeded system isdifferent, the ultimate mass of SOA formed is equal, and SOA yield for the two system located in the same regression line when usingone-product model, suggesting that the presence of dry ammonium sulfate seed has no measurable effect on the total aerosol yield, and the dry seed particle acts solely as a site upon which organic deposition occurs.     

不同条件对光合细菌沉降性的影响

光合细菌(PSB)法能够同时实现废水处理和菌体资源回收再利用,然而PSB菌体细胞自然沉降困难,不能很好地进行固液分离,限制了其广泛的应用。研究了不同环境因素对PSB菌体生长量和沉降效率的影响。结果表明,在接种量为20%、初始pH值为8.5、温度为30℃、光照强度为5 000 lux和厌氧光照静置培养时,PSB的最大沉降效率为84.78%,比对照实验提高了70%。其中,初始pH值、光照强度和培养方式的影响最为显著。     

环境监测仪器的有效管理

对本文结合实际工作,从仪器建档、日常维护使用、人员职责等方面进行阐述,总结出一套具有可操作性的环境监测仪器管理程序。