污水的微生物除磷技术的研究

污水中含磷物质主要来源于人类活动的排泄物及废弃物、工业合成洗涤剂等。本文分析了应用微生物除磷的环境影响因子,并对这一技术在我国的应用前景做出展望。     

选矿循环水处理研究

氰化尾渣浮选硫精矿过程中,选矿水长时间循环使用,导致选矿水中的的黄药、氰化物及重金属络合物等不断富集,影响了硫精矿浮选效率.为解决这一问题,采用臭氧氧化+碟管式反渗透+机械式蒸汽压缩技术,对选矿循环水进行处理,减少水中CODcr、氰化物、TDS,提高硫精矿回收率,降低生产成本.     

LNG全容罐安全阀尾管设置研究

针对LNG全容罐罐顶安全阀尾管排放气被点燃后产生的喷射火热辐射,可能导致全容罐开裂、坍塌等事故情况,分析确定安全阀尾管高度及排放方向是火灾热辐射影响范围的重要因素,通过采用DNV PHAST软件进行16×10~4 m~3全容罐罐顶安全阀释放可燃气云扩散影响及喷射火热辐射影响模拟计算,确定安全阀尾管高度15 m,垂直排放时能够满足相关安全要求,为LNG全容罐安全阀尾管高度优化设计提供了一种模拟计算方法。     

南京北郊冬夏季大气PM2.5中水溶性有机碳的研究

为研究南京北郊大气PM_(2.5)中水溶性有机碳(WSOC)的浓度及来源特点,在冬、夏季分别采集PM_(2.5)样品,还同步收集臭氧(O_3)浓度与相对湿度(RH)数据,分析了PM_(2.5)、有机碳(OC)、水溶性有机碳(WSOC)浓度特征,并对WSOC冬、夏季来源及其二次来源差异进行了探讨.结果显示,南京北郊冬季大气污染水平明显高于夏季且来源更复杂,与冬季静稳的天气条件及化石燃料和生物质燃烧排放较严重有关.冬季PM_(2.5)平均值为(136.7±42.4)μg·m~(-3),OC、WSOC浓度分别为(13.4±4.4)、(8.5±3.1)μg·m~(-3);夏季PM_(2.5)、OC、WSOC平均浓度分别为(61.5±14.6)、(6.7±2.1)、(4.6±1.7)μg·m~(-3).冬、夏季WSOC/OC值分别为67%±20%、69%±13%,且二次有机碳(SOC)与WSOC显著正相关,说明二次来源对WSOC有显著影响.冬季WSOC与O_3的负相关性不显著,与RH显著正相关;而夏季WSOC与O_3、RH的相关性正好与冬季相反,说明冬、夏季二次WSOC形成途径存在差异.冬季二次WSOC可能主要来自液相氧化,夏季可能主要来自光化学氧化.通过主成分因子分析法进一步确定南京北郊冬、夏季WSOC分别主要来源于二次来源和生物质燃烧、汽车尾气和扬尘.     

A new gasification and melting incineration process of MSW with co-current shaft furnace

In all the municipal solid waste (MSW) disposal technology, incineration with gasification and melting has been taken as a environmentally sound and zero emission technology owing to avoiding second-pollution of heavy metals and dioxin. In this background, a new direct gasification and melting incineration process with co-current shaft furnace is put forward. In this process, MSW and combustion-supporting air are co-current from top to bottom in a shaft furnace. Fuel gas from pyrolysis and gasification burns completely in the bottom in order to offer energy for slag melting. The simulation experiment of the co-current shaft furnace has been done. The results of simulation experiment show that the temperature on the condition of co-current is much higher than on the condition of countercurrent at the bottom of reaction tube and so is the CO₂ quantity discharged from reaction tube. It can be concluded that the co-current shaft furnace is more suitable for direct gasification and melting incineration process.     

Effects of Na2CO3 on properties of low fluoride content mould flux for thin slab continuous casting

To reduce fluorine pollution, partial fluoride could be replaced by Na₂C0₃ in mould flux for continuous casting. The properties including melting temperature, viscosity fluidity, surface tension and A1₂0₃ inclusion adsorption of low fluoride content mould flux with addition of Na₂C0₃ for thin slab casting were studied. The results showed that with the increase in Na₂C0₃ content, melting temperature, viscosity and viscous activation energy of mould flux decreased obviously, fluidity increased, surface tension changed little, and A1₂0₃ inclusion adsorption of mould flux increased. The Na₂C0₃ could play effective role when its content was less than 9%. The results would play a guiding role in designing of low fluoride content mould flux for thin slab continuous casting.     

The impact of climate changes on mass events in China

There is an increasing number of “mass events” in mainland China. My study extends the current studies to the context of China and tries to examine the potential impacts of climate changes on human conflicts in China. The results suggest a strong linkage between the deviation of monthly mean temperature from the historical mean and the number of mass events in a province. If the current trend of warming persists, in the next 6–8 decades, the number of mass events in China will increase by over 8.8%.     

基于硫碳同位素研究南京北郊冬季霾事件中PM2.5来源

2015年12月27日—2016年1月6日,针对南京北郊地区一次霾事件所采PM_(2.5)样品,测定样品中水溶性离子、硫同位素与碳同位素组分含量。水溶性离子研究结果表明:该次霾事件以二次污染为主且移动源占主要地位。硫同位素分析结果表明:硫酸盐的δ~(34)S(SO_4~(2-))值的范围为4.4‰~6.8‰,平均值为5.7‰±0.7‰(n=11),结合该地潜在硫源可知,此次霾事件中硫酸盐气溶胶主要来源为机动车尾气及煤炭燃烧。PM_(2.5)中的δ~(13)C值变化范围为-28.43‰~-24.94‰,平均值为-26.62‰±1.11‰,说明碳质污染物来源主要为机动车尾气、燃煤。此外,硫、碳同位素具有较好的负相关性,结合潜在硫源、碳源可知,2016年1月1日之前,南京北郊地区大气污染源以汽油车尾气排放为主;1月1日之后大气污染源以柴油车尾气和燃煤排放为主。     

烟尘样品分析的实验室质量控制

通过对烟尘样品的试验与比较研究,提出了烟尘样品分析的实验室质量控制要求和方法     

怀4井数字化气氡特征分析

本文介绍了怀4井的地质构造情况和数字化改造情况；分析了气氡与气压的关系：气压由大变小时，气氡值升高，气压由小变大时，气氡表现为下降，得出了气氡、气压的相关系数．0．264；研究了气氡在巴林-阿鲁特右旗5．9级地震前的异常情况：气氡大幅波动，异常持续时间65天，最大异常幅度．27．1％，异常结束12天后发震；最后对怀4井气氡、水氡进行了对比分析：水氧低，气氡也低，水氡高时，气氡没有出现高值，并分析了出现这种状况的原因。