吸收液对中空纤维膜接触器回收尿液中氨氮的影响

采用中空纤维膜接触器（Hollow Fiber Membrane Contactor, HFMC）回收尿液中的氨氮,系统研究了吸收液类型（H₃PO₄、H₂SO₄和HNO₃）对氨回收效能、水蒸气的跨膜通量和所获液体肥料的影响.结果表明,使用H₂SO₄作为吸收液时氨氮回收效能最优,其次是H₃PO₄和HNO₃.当采用H₂SO₄为吸收液时,氨氮回收率、氨跨膜通量和传质系数分别为84.49%±0.01%、22.92 g·m^-2·h^-1和2.37×10^-6 m·s^-1.HNO₃的挥发性使其从吸收液侧反向跨膜至料液侧,导致氨跨膜传质驱动力变小;此外,NH₃和HNO₃会在膜孔中反应并生成NH₄NO₃气溶胶,增加氨在膜孔中的传质阻力,导致氨氮的回收效能降低.对采用不同吸收液时膜两侧的水的活度差和理论水通量进行了计算,结果表明,随着氨氮的不断跨膜吸收,膜两侧的活度差和水通量逐渐增大,实验结束时水通量分别为7.44×10^-2 kg·m^-2·h^-1（H₃PO₄）、9.06×10^-2 kg·m^-2·h^-1（H₂SO₄）和2.00×10^-2 kg·m^-2·h^-1（HNO₃）.肥料组分分析表明,以H₂SO₄和HNO₃为吸收液可以获得仅含N素的单一液体肥料,以H₃PO₄作吸收液可获得N-P复合肥,（NH₄）₂HPO₄和NH₄H₂PO₄所占的比例分别为88.33%和11.67%.     

基于拉格朗日插值法的新陈代谢模型在边坡位移监测中的应用

在边坡位移监测中,如何及时对监测数据进行修正和更新是提高预测精度的关键。以浙江某高速公路边坡位移监测数据为例,先采用拉格朗日插值法对误差较大的监测数据进行修正,再将修正后的数据作为原始数据建立新陈代谢模型,利用建立的新陈代谢模型对边坡位移进行预测,应用于实际工程后结果表明:经修正后的原始序列建立的新陈代谢模型能够更准确地预测高速公路边坡位移的变化趋势,模型的预测精度更高,可为边坡稳定性加固处置设计方案提供依据。     

“塘+湿地”耦合系统净化再生水补给低C/N河湖水体的效能及机制研究

构建了针对再生水补给低C/N河湖水体的"释碳塘-水平潜流人工湿地-沉水植物塘"耦合生态净化系统，以北运河上游沙河水库为研究对象，研究了该耦合系统对主要污染物TN、TP和COD_Cr的净化效能，并采用高通量测序技术解析了各单元微生物群落分布特征.结果表明，耦合生态系统稳定运行后出水中TP、TN和COD_Cr的浓度分别为（0.07±0.03），（1.41±1.06）和（18.51±6.97）mg·L^-1，其中，TP和COD_Cr可稳定达到《我国地表水环境质量标准》（GB3838—2002）地表IV类水（湖库）标准，TN达标率为73%.10月下旬后出水中TN不达标主要是由于温度降低导致反硝化细菌活性降低以及进水中C/N降低导致.本耦合系统可强化沙河水库中氮素的去除，不仅体现在释碳床的加入可补充湿地反硝化所需碳源，且自身的"夹心结构"可在内部实现缺氧环境，有利于反硝化的发生.加入释碳床前后，释碳塘和水平潜流人工湿地对TN的去除率分别由23.1%±27.3%和38.3%±21.6%提高至25.3%±19.4%和47.4%±15.6%.微生物群落分析结果表明，运行过程中释碳床内部微生物优势菌属由嗜氢菌属和淀粉发酵菌属转变为纤维素降解菌属.耦合系统各单元优势菌属差异较大，其中节杆菌属（Arthrobacter）在3个单元均为优势菌属.     

一体化A/O工艺对生活污水除碳脱氮效果研究

根据好氧硝化和缺氧反硝化生物脱氮除碳原理,设计了新型的一体化A/O生物膜法反应器,并将该工艺用于生活污水净化处理实验。研究了水力停留时间(HRT)和溶解氧(DO)质量浓度对生活污水除碳脱氮效果的影响。结果表明DO是影响一体化A/O工艺除碳脱氮的重要因素,当好氧区DO为5 mg/L左有时,一体化A/O工艺具有良好的碳化作...     

上海城郊大气挥发性有机物污染特征、活性组分及风险评估

为了解上海城郊大气中挥发性有机物(VOCs)的时空污染特征及其对人体潜在健康风险,选取上海某城郊10个点位进行连续6年(2012—2017年)的采样分析。结果表明,上海该城郊大气VOCs平均质量浓度为(243.80±151.52)μg/m3,其中烷烃、卤代烃、芳香烃、含氧VOCs和不饱和脂肪烃依次占VOCs总浓度的45.72%、20.04%、18.84%、11.19%、4.21%。上海郊区不同功能区VOCs总浓度年际变化趋势较为一致,总体呈下降趋势;在空间上,化工区主干道路附近的两采样点VOCs质量浓度最高,分别为307.81、340.97μg/m~3。O3生成潜势和等效丙烯浓度计算结果显示,芳香烃为上海城郊大气中最主要的活性物种,且关键活性组分为甲苯、间/对-二甲苯和异丁烷等。上海城郊大气中27种风险VOCs的总致癌风险值为3.02×10~(-4),高于可接受限值(1.00×10~(-4)),长期暴露可能有致癌风险。     

前混合磨料射流切割系统的研究

磨料射流切割系统具有很多独特的优点并有广阔的应用前景。通过对几种前混合磨料射流切割系统的分析探讨，提出了在工业应用前必须解决的三个问题：喷嘴磨损、磨料浓度的调节控制和磨料输入，以及解决这些问题的一些方法。     

Green finance,technological progress,and ecological performance—evidence from 30 Provinces in China

The interaction between green finance and other factors, such as ecological environment, has been a research hotspot nowadays. Especially, the reasonable guiding of capital into energy conservation and environmental protection industries would greatly affect those factors, so as to the relation between them. This paper aimed to analyze the relationships between green finance, technological progress, and ecological performance quantitatively. The entropy method was used to respectively construct the system of index for green finance and technological progress, and index for ecological performance was measured by the super-SBM model. The panel vector autoregressive (PVAR) model was selected to empirically analyze dynamic relationships based on datasets from 30 provinces in China during 2008–2019 period. The results told that (1) from 2008 to 2019, China’s overall level of green finance, technological progress and ecological performance increased to varying degrees. Spatially, the areas with high-developed green finance greatly coincided with those such as large cities or the eastern coast that had good financial development. The distribution of technological progress index were similar, except some underdeveloped areas with relatively advanced scientific research institutes. The ecological performance, however, was high in the South and low in the north. (2) In the lag for 3 years, the influence of green finance on ecological performance in different regions was all positive for that all the coefficient symbols that passed the significance test were above 0, while that on technological progress was negative first and then positive. And the effects of technological progress on ecological performance were positive in ecological regions and negative in low ecological regions (0.0893 and -0.1211 in the case of three-stage lag respectively). (3) The contribution of green finance to ecological performance was high according to the results of variance decomposition, maintained at about 30%, and that of technological progress increased year by year (from 0.000 to 0.039). Therefore, we proposed to strengthen the development of green finance in underdeveloped regions. The emphasis should be laid on the researches and applications of green technology, the formulation of financing policies in innovation compensation and the establishment of a dynamic monitoring system for the ecological environment.