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Laser mass spectrometry has been applied for on-line monitoring of traces of aromatic compounds from flue gas of incineration plants. The experiments have been carried out at two sampling sites in an industrial hazardous-waste incinerator. With laser mass spectrometry resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS) (REMPI-TOFMS), using the group selective multi-component monitoring approach, aromatic compounds are selectively ionized from the complex flue-gas matrix. In this case, the result of an REMPI-TOFMS on-line measurement is a distinct pattern of aromatic compounds. These patterns are dependent on: (i) the point of measurement, (ii) the incineration plant, (iii) the temperature, and (iv) the fuel. This contribution focuses on the fuel dependence of the pattern. The most transient behavior can be observed when containers filled with hazardous waste are burnt, leading to puffs. Real-time monitoring results of puffs are given. Furthermore, as an approach towards on-line monitoring of the TEQ (PCDD/F toxicity equivalent), REMPI-TOFMS on-line analysis results of chlorobenzene are presented. 相似文献
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A. Heger N. J. King B. D. Wigham A. J. Jamieson P. M. Bagley L. Allan O. Pfannkuche I. G. Priede 《Marine Biology》2007,151(4):1471-1478
Using two autonomous lander systems, one equipped with a high sensitivity intensified silicon intensifier target (ISIT) video
camera and a second with a 4.1-megapixel digital stills camera, observations were made of bioluminescent emissions and fauna
attracted to artificial food falls at ca. 1,000 m depth in the carbonate mound provinces of the Porcupine Seabight and Rockall
Bank, North East Atlantic. On the Galway coral mound (Belgica Mound Province), seven bioluminescent events per hour were observed,
whereas on an area of sediment at the base of the Kiel Mount on the Rockall Bank 133 events per hour were observed. This increase
in bioluminescent activity was associated with the presence of the deep water eels Synaphobranchus kaupii, and the ostracods, Vargula norvegica. Captured ostracods luminesced readily in response to mechanical stimulation and were also observed emitting a luminous secretion.
We hypothesise that V. norvegica, attracted to bait, luminesce as a defence response against the predatory activity of S. kaupii that compete for bait but also feed on the ostracods. Benthic bioluminescence in the carbonate mound provinces was not directly
linked to the presence of corals. 相似文献
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Tina Heger Anna T. Pahl Zoltan Botta-Dukát Francesca Gherardi Christina Hoppe Ivan Hoste Kurt Jax Leena Lindström Pieter Boets Sylvia Haider Johannes Kollmann Meike J. Wittmann Jonathan M. Jeschke 《Ambio》2013,42(5):527-540
Invasion ecology has much advanced since its early beginnings. Nevertheless, explanation, prediction, and management of biological invasions remain difficult. We argue that progress in invasion research can be accelerated by, first, pointing out difficulties this field is currently facing and, second, looking for measures to overcome them. We see basic and applied research in invasion ecology confronted with difficulties arising from (A) societal issues, e.g., disparate perceptions of invasive species; (B) the peculiarity of the invasion process, e.g., its complexity and context dependency; and (C) the scientific methodology, e.g., imprecise hypotheses. To overcome these difficulties, we propose three key measures: (1) a checklist for definitions to encourage explicit definitions; (2) implementation of a hierarchy of hypotheses (HoH), where general hypotheses branch into specific and precisely testable hypotheses; and (3) platforms for improved communication. These measures may significantly increase conceptual clarity and enhance communication, thus advancing invasion ecology. 相似文献
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YOAN PAILLET LAURENT BERGÈS JOAKIM HJÄLTÉN PÉTER ÓDOR CATHERINE AVON MARKUS BERNHARDT‐RÖMERMANN RIENK‐JAN BIJLSMA LUC DE BRUYN MARC FUHR ULF GRANDIN ROBERT KANKA LARS LUNDIN SANDRA LUQUE TIBOR MAGURA SILVIA MATESANZ ILONA MÉSZÁROS M.‐TERESA SEBASTIÀ WOLFGANG SCHMIDT TIBOR STANDOVÁR BÉLA TÓTHMÉRÉSZ ANNELI UOTILA FERNANDO VALLADARES KAI VELLAK RISTO VIRTANEN 《Conservation biology》2010,24(4):1157-1160
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Emmanuel S. Emelogu Thomas-Benjamin Seiler Pat Pollard Craig D. Robinson Lynda Webster Craig McKenzie Sebastian Heger Henner Hollert Eileen Bresnan Jennifer Best Colin F. Moffat 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(8):5537-5546
A wide variety of organic contaminants including pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have previously been detected in surface waters in the river Ythan catchment, North East Scotland UK. While the concentrations detected were below Water Framework Directive Environmental Quality Standards (WFD-EQSs) environmental exposures to the diverse mixtures of contaminants, known and unknown, may pose chronic and/or sublethal effects to non target organisms. The present study assessed the embryo and algal toxicity potential of freely dissolved organic contaminants from the Ythan catchment using silicone rubber passive sampling devices (SR-PSDs) and miniaturised bioassay techniques. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos and marine phytoplankton species (Diacronema lutheri) were exposed to extracts from SR-PSDs deployed at different locations along the river Ythan and an undeployed procedural blank. Statistically significant developmental and algal toxicities were measured in all tests of extracts from deployed samples compared with the procedural blanks. This indicates environmental exposure to, and the combined toxicity potential of, freely dissolved organic contaminants in the catchment. The present and previous studies in the Ythan catchment, coupling SR-PSDs and bioassay techniques, have both helped to understand the interactions and combined effects of dissolved organic contaminants in the catchment. They have further revealed the need for improvement in the techniques currently used to assess environmental impact. 相似文献
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