短程硝化过程中NO-2-N高效富集的工艺条件实验研究

针对厌氧氨氧化工艺需要提供充足的亚硝酸盐氮为电子受体的问题,利用培养基对SBR中具有一定短程硝化功能的污泥进行富集培养,得到氨氧化菌和亚硝酸盐氧化菌的数量之比为104︰1,并研究了工艺条件对短程硝化的影响,结果表明,适合氨氧化菌生长的最佳温度为30℃、pH为7.5、nHCO^-₃/nNH⁺₄-N值为1。以适合氨氧化菌生长的最佳环境条件优化SBR,在进水氨氮浓度为250 mg/L时,氨氮的转化率达到90％以上,亚硝酸盐氮积累率维持在85％以上,反应器中氨氧化菌与亚硝酸盐氧化菌的数量之比为10³∶1,亚硝酸盐的高效积累为厌氧氨氧化工艺处理高氨废水的过程提供了稳定的电子受体。     

催化湿式氧化法处理吡虫啉农药废水

自制了Cu／Mn，Cu／Ce，Cu／Ni，Ce／Mn，Ce／Ag等催化剂，经过性能比较，选择催化活性较高且金属溶出量较小的Cu／Ni作催化剂。用催化湿式氧化法处理吡虫啉农药废水，考察了各种因素对处理效果的影响。实验结果表明：在进水pH为6．93、Cu／Ni加入量为4．0g、反应温度为190oC、氧分压为1．6MPa、反应时间为120min的条件下，COD去除率为95％；处理后废水的BOD5／COD从0．093增至0．590，可生化性明显改善。     

邯郸市新冠疫情前后空气质量指数(AQI)对比与疫情防控期间大气污染特征分析

2020年初COVID-19疫情爆发,我国采取一系列管控措施使大气污染物排放量明显降低.为了解疫情期间减排活动下邯郸市大气污染特征,采用统计学变量分析方法与特征雷达图对疫情爆发前(12月、1月)、疫情防控期间(2-4月)、疫情防控后(5月、6月)以及2019年同期大气污染情况进行对比分析.并进一步估算防控期间大气污染物的减排量,通过后向轨迹聚类分析气团的迁移轨迹来探讨人为减排对空气质量的影响.结果 表明,2020年2月疫情管控开始后,环境空气质量与2019年同期相比明显好转,2月份AQI值降幅约为50％,3、4月份两年差距逐渐缩小;疫情防控期间较疫情爆发前空气质量也有较大幅度提升,防控结束后AQI值有小幅度回弹;防控期间PM2.5、PM10、 SO2、NO2、CO的日平均浓度值均有较大幅度下降,在2月份下降最为明显,降幅分别为51％、55％、62％、41％、33％;O38 h平均浓度与气温呈显著正相关(0.747),疫情期间浓度呈上升趋势,在4月底达到的峰值(238 μg·m-3).北京市空气污染相对较轻,邯郸市与石家庄市较为严重,整体上受颗粒物的污染较明显.邯郸市2、3、4月份特征雷达图属于偏综合型,2月燃煤、生物质燃烧排放的污染物偏高,4月份来自工厂的NO2和SO2浓度偏高.疫情防控前期各污染物排放量均有较大幅度降低,与2019年2月的气团移动轨迹来源特征相似,说明人为减排对环境空气质量提升效果显著.     

某矿区煤矸石山重金属潜在生态危害性研究

为了弄清煤矸石山周围重金属污染程度,对煤矸石山周围的样品进行分析,通过Hakanson的重金属潜在生态危害指数法,对峰峰矿区煤矸石山周围环境中重金属的潜在危害性进行评价,结果说明矸石山周围存在生态风险,但风险程度为低水平.     

氮磷钾和乙二胺四乙酸对镉污染三叶鬼针草的吸收特征研究

超富集植物的筛选是植物修复重金属污染土壤技术的核心内容.采用盆栽试验的方法,研究了Cd胁迫下添加营养元素N、P、K和螯合剂乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)对三叶鬼针草(Bidens pilosa L.)的生长反应和生理生化特性以及对Cd的吸收积累特征.盆栽试验结果显示,在Cd为10 mg/kg时,添加营养元素N、P、K和EDT...     

Optimization of a wet scrubber with electrolyzed water spray—Part II: Airborne culturable bacteria removal

Airborne microorganisms, especially the pathogenic microorganisms, emitted from animal feeding operations (AFOs) may harm the environment and public health and threaten the biosecurity of the farm and surrounding environment. Electrolyzed water (EW), which was considered to be an environmentally friendly disinfectant, may be a potential spraying medium of wet scrubber for airborne microorganism emission reduction. A laboratory test was conducted to investigate the airborne bacteria (CB) removal efficiency of the wet scrubber by EW spray with different designs and operating parameters. Both the available choline (AC) initial loss rate and AC traveling loss rate of acidic electrolyzed water (AEW; pH = 1.35) were much higher than those of slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW; pH = 5.50). Using one spraying stage with 4 m sec^?1 air speed in the duct, the no detect lines (NDLs) of SAEW (pH = 5.50) for airborne Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella enteritidis removal were all 50 mg L^?1, whereas the NDLs of AEW (pH = 1.35) for airborne E. coli, S. aureus, and S. enteritidis removal increased to 70, 90, and 90 mg L^?1, respectively. The NDLs of SAEW (pH = 5.50) for airborne E. coli, S. aureus, and S. enteritidis were lower than those of AEW (pH = 1.35) at single spraying stage. Increase in the number of stages lowered the NDLs of both SAEW (pH = 5.50) and AEW (pH = 1.35) for airborne E. coli, S. aureus, and S. enteritidis. EW with a higher available chlorine concentration (ACC) was needed at air speed of 6 m sec^?1 to reach the same airborne CB removal efficiency as that at air speed of 4 m sec^?1. The results of this study demonstrated that EW spray wet scrubbers could be a very effective and feasible airborne CB mitigation technology for AFOs.

Implications: It is difficult to effectively reduce airborne bacteria emitted from animal feeding operations (AFOs). Electrolyzed water (EW) with disinfection effect and acidity is a potential absorbent for spray in wet scrubber to remove microorganisms and ammonia. Based on the field test results, a laboratory experiment we conducted this time was to optimize the design and operation parameters to improve the airborne bacteria removal efficiency. A better understanding of the EW application in the wet scrubber can contribute to the mitigation of airborne bacteria from animal houses and improve the atmosphere air quality.     

有机物浓度对厌氧氨氧化脱氮性能影响试验研究

通过间歇试验和连续试验研究了不同有机物浓度对厌氧氨氧化活性及脱氮性能的影响。间歇试验结果表明：自养条件下厌氧氨氧化菌的最大比反应速率为0.189 kg NH⁺₄-N/（kg VSS·d）;当氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮浓度为80 mg/L时,有机物的添加降低了厌氧氨氧化速率,当有机物浓度超过70 mg/L时,厌氧氨氧化菌的最大比反应速率降低到0.05 kg NH⁺₄-N/（kg VSS·d）以下,是反硝化菌与厌氧氨氧化菌竞争亚硝酸盐产生了可逆抑制的结果。连续试验结果表明,高氮低碳源有机环境下厌氧氨氧化能稳定运行,并且比自养系统中总氮的去除率有所提高,当COD值为50 mg/L时,总氮去除率最大,平均值达96.59%,是反硝化菌和厌氧氨氧化菌共同脱氮的结果;当有机物浓度过高时,ANAMMOX对TN去除贡献率持续降低,反硝化不断得到强化,厌氧氨氧化运行不稳定。     

Optimization of a wet scrubber with electrolyzed water spray—Part I: Ammonia removal

Electrolyzed water (EW) is an effective disinfectant with a wide range of pH. EW in acid range was proved to be an ammonia absorbent which make it valuable for wet scrubbers used in animal feeding operations (AFOs). This study aimed to optimize the design and operating parameters of a wet scrubber with EW spray for ammonia removal, based on the size distribution of droplets, the property of EW and the reduction efficiency of ammonia. The optimized parameters included droplet size, nozzle flow rates, pH and available chlorine concentration (ACC) of EW, nozzle number at single stage, stage number, initial ammonia concentration and air speed in the duct. The ammonia removal efficiency increased with the decrease of droplet size and the increase of flow rate. The pH values of EW showed significant influence on ammonia removal efficiency (P ? 0.05), while ACC of the EW showed no significant influence (P > 0.05). For inlet ammonia concentration of 70 ppm with one and three spray stages, the wet scrubber with EW (pH = 1.35) spray was able to reduce 55.8 ± 4.3 % and 97.2 ± 3.0 % of ammonia, respectively, when the nozzles with 0.9 mm orifice diameter operated at a flow rate of 1.20 L min^-1. Response surface analysis showed that orifice diameter, nozzle flow rate, and their combination were all significant factors impacting ammonia removal efficiency for both pH =1.35 and 5.50 at a 95% confidence level. Optimal ammonia removal efficiency was obtained at orifice diameter 0.9 mm and flow rate 1.20 L min^-1 within the selected range. The results of this study demonstrated that wet scrubber with EW spray could be a very effective and feasible ammonia mitigation technology for animal feeding operation.

Implications: It is difficult to effectively reduce ammonia emitted from the animal feeding operations (AFOs). Both the acidity and disinfection effects of electrolyzed water (EW) make it a potential absorbent used for spray in wet scrubber to reduce the ammonia and microorganisms. Based on some preliminary field test results, lab tests were conducted to optimize the design and operation parameters of a wet scrubber with EW spray to improve the ammonia removal efficiency. A better understanding of the application and influence factors of the wet scrubber with EW spray can contribute to effective mitigation of ammonia emission from animal houses and improve the atmosphere air quality.     

邯郸市冬季大气PM2.5中金属元素空间污染特征及生态风险评价

为研究邯郸市大气细颗粒物(PM_(2.5))中金属元素的污染特征,选取城区4个功能区(工业区、工业生活区、教学区和交通区)分别布设采样点位,采集2017年冬季PM_(2.5)样品。采用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪分析样品中11种金属元素(V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Ni、Co、Cu、As、Cd、Ba和Bi)的含量,对其空间污染特征进行比较,并运用主成分分析、聚类分析和绝对主成分得分-多元线性回归模型对金属元素的来源及其贡献率进行模拟计算,对Cr、Ni、Cu、As和Cd的潜在生态风险进行评估。研究结果表明,邯郸市冬季PM_(2.5)污染较为严重,4个功能区的PM_(2.5)日均值远超《环境空气质量标准》(GB 3095—2012)二级标准限值。对金属元素含量的分析表明,教学区大气PM_(2.5)中金属元素质量浓度的总和相对较低,尤其是Fe、Cr、Cd、Mn和Cu的含量均低于其他3个功能区,但是As的含量较高。富集因子计算结果显示,V、Co和Ba在邯郸市的富集系数小、污染程度低,其余金属元素尤其是As、Fe、Cd和Bi的富集系数大、污染程度高。对研究区大气PM_(2.5)金属元素的来源进行解析发现,金属元素的主要来源包括工业生产、自然源、化石燃料的燃烧及交通运输活动。其中,Cr、Mn、Fe、Cu、Cd和Ba主要来自工业活动,V、Co和Bi的主要来源是自然源,Ni和As主要来自化石燃料的燃烧及交通运输活动。潜在生态风险评估发现,邯郸市4个功能区金属元素的总生态风险指数均较高,尤其是As和Cd在各个功能区的潜在生态风险程度为极强,但Cr和Ni的潜在生态风险程度较低。     

负载型催化剂催化氧化处理H酸废水

采用浸渍法制备了负载型Fe2O3 / SiO2 催化剂,将其用于催化氧化法处理高浓度H 酸模拟废水,考察了催化剂制备条件对催化剂活性和稳定性的影响.实验结果表明,适宜的催化剂制备条件为:硝酸铁溶液浓度1.1 mol / L,焙烧时间6 h,焙烧温度600 C.以H2O2 作为氧化剂,采用适宜工艺条件下制备的催化剂催化氧...