改进型ABR+复合生物反应器处理糕点残渣废水

介绍了改进型ABR+复合生物反应器在糕点残渣废水处理工程实例中的应用,运行结果表明:该工艺运行稳定、操作简便、运行成本低,处理糕点残渣废水可获得良好的效果,出水水质达GB 8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》中的一级排放标准。     

Recovery of phosphorus as struvite from sewage sludge ash

Phosphorus (P) is an element vital for all living organisms, yet the world's reserves of phosphate rock are becoming depleted. This study investigated an effective P recovery method from sludge ash via struvite precipitation. Results showed that more than 95% of the total P content was extracted from sludge ash by applying 0.5 mol/L HCl at a liquid/solid ratio of 50 mL/g. Although heavy metal leaching also occurred during P extraction, cation exchange resin efficiently removed the heavy metals from the P-rich solution. Orthogonal tests showed that the optimal parameters for P precipitation as struvite would be a Mg:N:P molar ratio of 1.6:1.6:1 at pH 10.0. X-ray diffraction analysis validated the formation of struvite. Further investigations revealed that the harvested precipitate had a high struvite content (97%), high P bioavailability (94%), and low heavy metal content, which could be considered a high quality fertilizer.     

Effect of ultrasonic pretreatment on anaerobic digestion and its sludge dewaterability

To investigate the effect of ultrasonic pretreatment on anaerobic digestion and sludge dewaterability and further to probe into the influencing factors on sludge dewaterability, sludge flocs were stratified into four fractions: (1) slime; (2) loosely bound extracellular polymeric substances (LB-EPS); (3) tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS); and (4) EPS-free pellets. The results showed that ultrasonic pretreatment increased the anaerobic digestion efficiency by 7%–8%. Anaerobic digestion without ultrasonic pretreatment deteriorated the sludge dewaterability, with the capillary suction time (CST) increased from 1.42 to 47.3 (sec L)/g-TSS. The application of ultrasonic pretreatment firstly deteriorated the sludge dewaterability (normalized CST increased to 44.4 (sec L)/g-TSS), while subsequent anaerobic digestion offset this effect and ultimately decreased the normalized CST to 23.2 (sec L)/g-TSS. The dewaterability of unsonicated sludge correlated with protein (p = 0.003) and polysaccharide (p = 0.004) concentrations in the slime fraction, while that of sonicated sludge correlated with protein concentrations in the slime and LB-EPS fractions (p < 0.05). Fluorescent excitationemission matrix analysis showed that the fluorescence matters in the LB-EPS fraction significantly correlated with sludge dewaterability during anarobic digestion.     

Anaerobic ammonium oxidation coupled to ferric iron reduction in the sediment of a eutrophic lake

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Anaerobic ammonium oxidation coupled to ferric iron reduction (Feammox) has been assumed to play an important role in nitrogen removal from...     

燃煤电厂湿法脱硫对细颗粒物的脱除特性

应用DGI承重撞击器对四台燃煤机组湿法脱硫前、后细颗粒物进行采集,分析细颗粒物的粒径分布、元素组成以及脱硫系统的脱除效率.结果表明:脱硫前细颗粒物粒径峰值出现在0.20~0.40 μm处,脱硫后峰值出现在0.20~0.30 μm处.经过湿法脱硫系统后ρ(PM_2.5)、ρ(PM₁)、ρ(PM_0.5)、ρ(PM_0.2)出现不同程度的增长,平均增长率分别为13.28%、19.57%、28.79%、33.51%.分粒径颗粒物中ρ(Si)、ρ(Al)在脱硫前、后均随着颗粒物粒径的减小呈递减趋势,并且脱硫后ρ(Si)、ρ(Al)均有不同程度的降低,ρ(Fe)随颗粒物粒径的减小呈增加趋势,表现出一定的富集特性;湿法脱硫后Ca在PM₁中的质量浓度出现明显的增长,ρ(Ca)由18.86~51.47 μg/m3增至41.87~84.83 μg/m3. Si、Al是PM_2.5中的主要元素,经过湿法脱硫后ρ(Si)、ρ(Al)由59%~72%降至43%~59%;而Ca在PM_2.5中表现出相反的变化趋势,ρ(Ca)由8%~13%升至17%~26%.      

Effects of ultrasonic pretreatment on sludge dewaterability and extracellular polymeric substances distribution in mesophilic anaerobic digestion

Effect of ultrasonic pretreatment on sludge dewaterability was determined and the fate of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) matrix in mesophilic anaerobic digestion after ultrasonic pretreatment was studied. Characteristics of proteins (PN), polysaccharides (PS), excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy and molecular weight (MW) distribution of dissolved organic matters (DOM) in different EPS fractions were evaluated. The results showed that after ultrasonic pretreatment, the normalized capillary suction time (CST) decreased from 44.4 to 11.1 (sec·L)/g total suspended solids (TSS) during anaerobic digestion, indicating that sludge dewaterability was greatly improved. The normalized CST was significantly correlated with PN concentration (R2 = 0.92, p 0.01) and the PN/PS ratio (R2 = 0.84, p 0.01) in the loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS) fraction. Meanwhile, the average MW of DOM in the LB- EPS and tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS) fractions also had a good correlation with the normalized CST (R2 0.66, p 0.01). According to EEM fluorescence spectroscopy, tryptophan-like substances intensities in the slime, LB-EPS and TB-EPS fractions were correlated with the normalized CST. The organic matters in the EPS matrix played an important role in influencing sludge dewaterability.     

Enhanced anaerobic digestion and sludge dewaterability by alkaline pretreatment and its mechanism

To investigate the influences of alkaline pretreatment on anaerobic digestion (AD) and sludge dewaterability after AD, waste activated sludge was adjusted to different pH values (8, 9, 10, 11, 12) and placed at ambient temperature for 24 hr. The samples were then adjusted to the initial pH and subjected to 25 days of AD. The results showed that, when compared with the control (pH 6.8), total suspended solids (TSS) and volatile suspended solids (VSS) reduction following pretreatment at pH 9-11 increased by 10.7%-13.1% and 6.5%-12.8%, respectively, while biogas production improved by 7.2%-15.4%. Additionally, significant enhancement of sludge dewaterability after AD occurred when pretreatment at pH 8-9 was conducted. The proteins and carbohydrates transferred from the pellet and tightly bound extracellular polymeric substances (TB-EPS) fractions to the slime and loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS) fractions after pretreatment and during the AD process, and the concentrations of proteins and carbohydrates in the slime fraction had a good linear relationship with the normalized capillary suction time (CST). During the AD process, the normalized CST was positively correlated with the organic materials in the loosely bound fraction of the sludge matrix (R^{2≥qslant 0.700, p < 0.01), while it was negatively correlated with the organic materials in the tightly bound fraction (R2≥qslant 0.702, p < 0.01). These results suggest that alkaline pretreatment could break the EPS matrix and release inner organic materials, thus influencing the efficiency of the AD process and dewaterability after AD.}     

宁镇地区石炭二叠系界线

将宁镇地区上石炭统船山组Sphaeroschwagerina带与二叠系栖霞组底部碎屑岩段之间的灰黑,深灰色中至厚层石灰岩、炭质石灰岩单独划出,称之为镇江组(新义)。石炭二叠系界线放在船山组Sphaeroschwagerina带之顶,镇江组(新义)之底。