Atmospheric pollution in Beijing, China, as recorded in sediments of the Kunming Lake

The fluxes of heavy metals and magnetite, a fly-ash component, from coal burning, to sediments of the Kunming Lake in Beijing have increased measurably over the last fifty years. Ages were introduced to the sediment strata through Pb-210 geochronologies. Even with a doubling of coal usage by the year 2000, the anthropogenic metal fluxes will still be less than those recorded in metropolitan Tokyo and U.S. lakes.     

钝顶螺旋藻突变株FBL的生理特性

利用倍频Ｎｄ：ＹＡＧ激光（λ＝５３２ｎｍ,ｐ＝５００ｍＷ,Ｓ＝１６０ｍＷ／ｃｍ＾２）对钝顶螺旋藻进行诱变处理,辐照１０ｍｉｎ,经分离获得藻丝开矿变成直形的钝顶螺旋突变株ＦＢＬ。对该变株ＦＢＬ的生长特性、藻多糖、氨基酸、β－胡萝卜素、叶绿素ａ等生化组成的研究。结果表明：与出发株相比,突变株ＦＢＬ生长速度加快;β－胡萝卜素含量提高２２．３％;藻多糖提高４２．０％;氨基酸增幅５．２％,氨基酸的组成比例发     

改性生物炭负载纳米零价铁活化过硫酸盐降解活性蓝19的机理及老化研究

采用磷酸改性的黍糠基生物炭作为纳米零价铁(Nanoscale zero-valent iron,nZVI)载体,成功制备出一种高效非均相活化材料一磷酸改性生物炭负载纳米零价铁(nZVI@PBC),用来活化过硫酸盐(Persulfate,PS)降解印染废水中的典型染料—活性蓝(Reactive Blue 19,RB19)...     

新型活性污泥的培养及其处理高盐有机废水

在好氧反应器中,将海泥通过海水和营养物质培养成新型的活性污泥,在处理含盐废水时有较好的活性和沉降性能,对这种新型的活性污泥我们称其为海洋活性污泥。通过10周的培养,海泥的污泥体积指数（SVI）从最初的19 mL/g升高到70 mL/g,对有机废水处理12 h后高锰酸盐指数（CODMn）降解率达到90%,氨氮降解率达到45%。在污泥培养时,营养物质投加频率为一日一次最有利于污泥的培养,又葡萄糖比淀粉更有利于污泥的培养。对于含盐有机废水的处理,海洋活性污泥也比传统活性污泥有优势,甚至对于含盐量6%的高盐有机废水,处理12 h后能达到CODMn降解率达为70%,氨氮降解率达到30%。当NaCl浓度高于6%,海洋活性污泥仍具有一定的活性,但仍能观察到明显的抑制作用。此外,海洋活性污泥具有比传统活性污泥更强的盐度变化抗性,甚至在低盐度下盐浓度变化时,海洋活性污泥的氨氮降解稳定性也优于传统活性污泥。     

Chlorinated and brominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in surface sediment from Taihu Lake, China

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PBDD/Fs) in surface sediment samples from Taihu Lake--an important water supply of the Yangtze River Delta, China--were investigated in the present study. Concentrations of PCDD/Fs ranged from 0.91 to 4.8 pg TEQ g(-1) dw (mean: 2.9 pg TEQ g(-1) dw, TEQ: Toxic Equivalent), which were all higher than the threshold effect level established by interim sediment quality guidelines in Canada (0.85 pg TEQ g(-1) dw). The levels of PBDD/Fs ranged from 0.16 to 1.6 pg TEQ g(-1) dw (mean: 0.52 pg TEQ g(-1) dw) and accounted for 5-33% (mean: 14%) of the total PCDD/Fs and PBDD/Fs TEQ. Comparatively, the abundance of sedimentary PCDD/Fs in the three regions (Meiliang Bay, Gonghu Bay, and Xukou Bay) showed a decreasing trend from the inflow region to the outflow region, while no significant difference was observed among their 2,3,7,8-PBDD/Fs levels, which suggested that the sources of PCDD/Fs and PBDD/Fs differed in this area. Principal component analysis suggested that the historical production/usage of pentachlorophenol and sodium pentachlorophenate was the dominant source of PCDD/Fs in the sediment of these regions. Although the specific sources of PBDD/Fs in the sediment of Taihu Lake were unclear, it was suspected to be due to atmospheric deposition; however, an additional study is needed to confirm this.     

金属有机骨架材料低温脱硝技术研究进展

金属有机骨架材料（MOFs）因其独特的结构作为催化剂应用于SCR系统表现出较好的低温脱硝效果和较强的抗SO₂、抗H₂O性能。综述了几种较典型的MOFs催化剂及其改性产物的低温催化性能,以及MOFs材料应用于SCR技术的研究进展,指出：对含有两种或两种以上金属的复合MOFs材料的深入研究,是开发稳定性更高、抗SO₂抗H₂O能力更强的MOFs催化剂的重要思路;此外,对有机组成部分进行改性,提高有机配体的热稳定性也是一个重要的研究思路。     

浅析迷宫斜板沉淀理论与应用效果分析

根据煤矿矿井水的水质特点,对迷宫斜板的工作原理及效果进行粗浅分析,论述了迷宫斜板在矿井水中的应用,探讨了矿井水处理站迷宫斜板沉淀池的沉淀效率、沉淀时间、占地面积及悬浮物浓度等参数的变化,为煤矿矿井水的深度净化处理提供了可供选择的处理方式之一。     

关于钢铁厂矿渣综合利用的研究

勃利县钢铁厂炼铁车间,每年都要排出四万多立方米的急冷水萃矿渣,污染河流、吞食耕田,不能充分有效利用.然而利用钢铁厂碱度大于1.4的急冷水萃矿渣和勃利县的斜发沸石为主要成分,加入适量的有机和无机助剂,经过特殊工艺,复合制成的新型砂浆及混凝土的掺和料,无毒无味,充分利用了钢铁厂的废渣,变废为宝.用该掺和料配制的不同强度等级的抹面砂浆、砌筑砂浆,不仅可以大量取代水泥,降低工程造价,而且可以改变砂浆的和易性、保水性,提高砂浆的强度和耐久性.     

兖州矿区煤烟型污染的控制及其技术优化

本文通过对兖州矿区大气污染源的调查,分析了矿区煤烟型污染的治理现状、控制技术和效果及存在的问题。结合矿区实际,对煤烟型污染的治理和控制技术的优化作了探讨。     

九龙江西陂库区沉积物甲藻孢囊萌发增殖研究

甲藻孢囊在甲藻的生命史中扮演着重要的角色,本文研究了九龙江西陂库区沉积物甲藻孢囊对温度和营养盐的萌发响应.结果显示,西陂库区沉积物中,甲藻门的丰度占微藻总丰度的1.9%~6.1%,主要为拟多甲藻属(Peridiniopsis);硅藻门的丰度占微藻总丰度的81.8%~91.8%,绿藻门的丰度占微藻总丰度的6.1%~13.2%,其他门类的藻类较少.实验模拟条件下,较高的温度能促进甲藻孢囊的萌发,甲藻孢囊在20℃有更高的萌发率,不同温度下甲藻孢囊最终的萌发率差别不大,高温能促进甲藻孢囊的萌发,同样也有助于蓝藻和绿藻的萌发增殖,从种间竞争角度来看,15℃温度相对较低但更有利于甲藻孢囊萌发并增殖占据优势.以单磷酸腺苷(Adenosine Monophosphate,AMP)作为有机磷源能促进孢囊的萌发,提高甲藻孢囊的萌发速率,但不能提高孢囊的最终萌发率.