铅冶炼区土壤重金属总量和有效态含量的函数分析

采集铅冶炼企业周边3 000 m范围内220个表层土壤样品,测定了有毒有害元素铅、镉、砷和汞的总量和有效态含量,探讨了它们之间的关系。结果表明:研究区土壤受到汞、砷、铅、镉的污染依次明显严重,土壤重金属的总量和有效态含量的变异系数均大于100%,土壤镉、铅、汞、砷的生物有效性系数平均值分别为25.9%、17.2%、0.58%、0.11%。土壤铅、镉和砷的总量与其有效态含量呈显著正相关(P0.001),而汞的总量与其有效态含量的相关性不显著(P0.05)。土壤铅和镉的总量和有效态含量可以用直线函数和幂函数表达,函数反推的有效态值和对应统计值的变异系数不大于10%。     

教师人文素养修炼的再思考

人文素养是以人文知识、人文态度和人文精神为构成要素的人的素质。教师修炼人文素养,可以促进专业发展,提升师德水平。修炼的途径和方法包括更新理念、广泛阅读、提升人格、健康心理等。     

炼油企业合理用水评价方法研究

炼油企业是用水大户,也是水污染大户,如何降低该类企业的用水量和排污量是当前节水研究的焦点之一,也是环境管理的重要内容.以提高企业节水减排的积极性为目标,本文依据层次分析法原理建立了炼油企业合理用水评价指标体系,分别采用相关系数法、相似系数法来确定指标体系中各层指标的权重,这样即保留了层次分析法分类清楚、解释性强的特点,又发挥了客观赋权法人为因素少的优点.     

龙岩市餐厨垃圾资源化利用工艺技术研究

介绍了龙岩市餐厨垃圾处理现状,提出了餐厨垃圾资源化利用设施建设的紧迫性,分析了龙垃圾产量与组分,通过比选,确定了以厌氧产沼气为目标的工艺技术路线.     

农业病虫害的灾变预测及预报精度分析

在农业病虫害突变规律的研究基础上,建立了定性与定量的尖角突变模型,确定了各病虫的突变区域。根据综合控制变量所确定的边界值,对未来病虫发生发展趋势进行预测。经多年历史资料检验和1992年农业病虫害发生突变的趋势预报证明:准确率高,覆盖面广。     

2008年雪灾的原因及日本应急制度给我国的启发

随着我国经济飞速发展、城市化运动的持续进行,人口集中度和财富集中度进一步增加,也就增加了巨灾风险,2008年1月份,我国南方发生了严重的低温雨雪灾害,造成了严重的损失。本次雪灾影响之大,除了有天气原因外,我国应急管理能力的不足也是一个重要的原因。总体来说,我国的应急能力存在应急资源不足、灾害防御能力不足、应急体制整合能力差等问题。我们的近邻日本在对抗灾害的过程中,积累了很多宝贵的经验,取得了很多的成绩。本文在简析了本次雪灾的主要原因的基础上,又借鉴了日本相关的制度,给出了一些提高我国应急能力的建议。     

汶川地震统计评估方法的设计与应用

汶川地震给四川及相关地区造成了严重的损失,为准确确认地震灾害损失情况,在灾害评估领域第一次引入了统计评估方法进行辅助评估.本文就统计评估的意义、思路及建议进行宏观论述,为未来经济评估打下一定的理论基础.     

基于AHP的工业企业震后恢复重建优先等级评价

地震灾害一直是人类社会所面临的重大自然灾害之一,在灾害发生之后,为了能够让灾区较短时间内恢复正常的生产生活和社会运行,高效率的恢复重建机制不可或缺.在所有的震后恢复重建项目中,灾区原有的工业企业的恢复重建是一大重点,这些工业企业在灾前往往是当地政府税收的主要来源,也为当地人口提供了大量的就业岗位.然而,能够投入到灾区用...     

Biogeographic distribution patterns of algal community in different urban lakes in China: Insights into the dynamics and co-existence

Urban lake ecosystems are significant for social development, but currently we know little about the geographical distribution of algal community in urban lakes at a large-scale. In this study, we investigated the algal community structure in different areas of urban lakes in China and evaluated the influence of water quality parameters and geographical location on the algal community. The results showed that obvious differences in water quality and algal communities were observed among urban lakes in different geographical areas. Chlorophyta was the dominant phylum, followed by cyanobacteria in all areas. The network analysis indicated that algal community composition in urban lakes of the western and southern area showed more variations than the eastern and northern areas, respectively. Redundancy analysis and structural equation model revealed that nutrients and pH were dominant environmental factors that affected the algal community, and they showed higher influence than that of iron, manganese and COD _Mn concentration. Importantly, algal community and density exhibited longitude and latitude relationship. In general, these results provided an ecological insight into large-scale geographical distributions of algal community in urban lakes, thereby having potential applications for management of the lakes.     

Hierarchical modeling for extreme values observed over space and time

We propose a hierarchical modeling approach for explaining a collection of spatially referenced time series of extreme values. We assume that the observations follow generalized extreme value (GEV) distributions whose locations and scales are jointly spatially dependent where the dependence is captured using multivariate Markov random field models specified through coregionalization. In addition, there is temporal dependence in the locations. There are various ways to provide appropriate specifications; we consider four choices. The models can be fitted using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm to enable inference for parameters and to provide spatio–temporal predictions. We fit the models to a set of gridded interpolated precipitation data collected over a 50-year period for the Cape Floristic Region in South Africa, summarizing results for what appears to be the best choice of model.