盐析分相微萃取—高效液相色谱法测定水中含氯除草剂

采用盐析分相微萃取—高效液相色谱法同时测定水中3种含氯除草剂,建立并优化了反相离子对液相色谱条件,考察了萃取剂种类、盐析剂的种类和加入量及试样pH对萃取效果的影响。对氯苯氧乙酸、2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸和2,4-滴丁酯的质量浓度在0.1~100.0mg/L内与色谱峰面积呈良好的线性关系,相关系数不低于0.9992。平均回收率分别为96.29%、79.16%和70.21%,相对标准偏差小于5.3%。该方法操作简便、绿色环保,适合于水中含氯除草剂的测定。     

Highly efficient and selective removal of phosphate from wastewater of sea cucumber aquaculture for microalgae culture using a new adsorption-membrane separation-coordinated strategy

● A new adsorption-membrane separation strategy is used for phosphate removal. ● PVC/Zr-BT shows a selective adsorption ability to low-concentration phosphate. ● Low concentration of P below 0.05 mg/L was achieved in actual wastewater treatment. ● Algal biomass production served as a demonstration of phosphorus recycling. Enhanced phosphorus treatment and recovery has been continuously pursued due to the stringent wastewater discharge regulations and a phosphate supply shortage. Here, a new adsorption-membrane separation strategy was developed for rational reutilization of phosphate from sea cucumber aquaculture wastewater using a Zr-modified-bentonite filled polyvinyl chloride membrane. The as-obtained polyvinyl chloride/Zr-modified-bentonite membrane was highly permeability (940 L/(m²·h)), 1–2 times higher than those reported in other studies, and its adsorption capacity was high (20.6 mg/g) when the phosphate concentration in water was low (5 mg/L). It remained stable under various conditions, such as different pH, initial phosphate concentrations, and the presence of different ions after 24 h of adsorption in a cross-flow filtration system. The total phosphorus and phosphate removal rate reached 91.5% and 95.9%, respectively, after the membrane was used to treat sea cucumber aquaculture wastewater for 24 h and no other water quality parameters had been changed. After the purification process, the utilization of the membrane as a new source of phosphorus in the phosphorus-free f/2 medium experiments indicated the high cultivability of economic microalgae Phaeodactylum tricornutum FACHB-863 and 1.2 times more chlorophyll a was present than in f/2 medium. The biomass and lipid content of the microalgae in the two different media were similar. The innovative polyvinyl chloride/Zr-modified-bentonite membrane used for phosphorus removal and recovery is an important instrument to establish the groundwork for both the treatment of low concentration phosphate from wastewater as well as the reuse of enriched phosphorus in required fields.     

Potential effects of soil chemical and biological properties on wood volume in Eucalyptus urophylla × Eucalyptus grandis hybrid plantations and their responses to different intensity applications of inorganic fertilizer

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Long-term and high-intensity application of inorganic fertilizer leads to a strong variation of soil characteristics. The changes in soil chemical and...     

原油集输系统次生H2S抑嗣措施探索

分析了原油集输系统H2S分布规律及次生机理,根据系统中硫酸盐还原菌的代谢反应特性,提出了从环境条件、营养条件等方面抑制原油集输系统中H2S生成的措施.研究结果表明,快速油水分离、适当调整系统中的pH值、添加杀菌剂或钡盐等措施可有效控制硫酸盐还原茵的滋生与繁殖,从而达到抑制原油集输系统中H2S生成的目的.     

微波技术处理试油废液的实验研究

试油废液具有黏度高、COD高、色度深、气味恶臭等特点,常规技术工艺复杂、处理时间长、成本高。微波技术具有加热、诱导催化、辅助絮凝等优势,能产生物理、化学和生物效应。微波应用于试油废液处理可大大提高处理效率,实验表明:应用微波处理试油废液絮凝剂加量减少25%,处理时间仅为常规工艺的1/3,微波作用使COD去除率由常规Fenton氧化的50%提高到80%,反应时间由30min缩短到10min,pH值在3～6之间、FeSO4.·7H2O加量0.15g、活性炭加量2g、H2O2加量2g,COD值可降至100mg/L以下。     

盐析分相微萃取—高效液相色谱法测定水中取代苯

建立了测定水中三种取代苯的盐析分相微萃取—高效液相色谱分析方法。实验结果表明,当异丁醇萃取剂加入量为300μL、(NH_4)_2SO_4加入量为14 g、流动相V(甲醇):V(水)为80:20、检测波长为220 nm时,邻氯苯酚、氯苯、乙苯的工作曲线均呈现良好线性(相关系数大于0.999 9),方法检出限分别为0.07,0.2,9.0μg/L,加标回收率为71.66%～92.96%,相对标准偏差为1.17%～5.17%。     

小半径人行桥倾覆稳定性设计与分析

本文采用定量比较方法,改变小半径人行桥的曲线半径或者支座间距大小的同时,控制其他因素不变,从而分析出曲线半径和支座间距对抗倾覆系数的具体影响。结果表明:在小半径人行桥中,曲线半径或者支座间距的增大使得桥梁的倾覆系数有所改善;在使用小半径曲线桥梁时,若抗倾覆不通过,采用墩梁固结的方法改善桥梁的倾覆问题,且发现边跨的内力有所改善,中跨的内力有所增加,对于墩顶由于刚度的整体提升,墩顶负弯矩在整体上表现为增大,设计人员应着重考虑边中跨及墩顶的配筋优化。研究结果为小半径人行景观桥的设计提供了一定参考价值。     

毒气泄漏过程及其危险区域分析

在化学事故中 ,毒气的大量泄漏扩散不仅会造成极其严重的人员和财产损失 ,同时会产生很大的社会影响。而在各种毒气泄漏方式中 ,以灾难性破裂引发的泄漏危害最大 ,而连续泄漏则更具广泛的代表性。笔者利用已有的理论模型 ,分析了这两种泄漏类型的特点及其扩散规律 ,提出了伤害区域的划分和估算方法 ,为准确地预测毒气扩散危险区域 ,及时采取有效措施组织抢险救援活动 ,提供了一种行之有效的方法     

矿山企业安全管理新体制的建立与实践

结合金川二矿区安全管理新体制的运行实践 ,介绍了二矿区构建新体制的历史背景 ;概括了推行新型运行体制的成功经验 ;回顾了新体制建设的基本做法 ;论述了安全管理新体制的基本框架和运作模式。从二矿区管理体系建设的角度 ,对安全执法体系和守法体系建设进行了探讨 ,并对如何抓好新体制的推行提出了四点启示 ,这些成功的经验、基本做法、建设性思考 ,对做好企业安全管理都具有重要的借鉴和指导意义     

臭氧催化氧化处理压裂废液的实验研究

针对压裂废液黏度高、COD浓度高等特点,研究了一种以絮凝-臭氧催化氧化为主的压裂废液深度处理技术,对絮凝剂加量、助凝剂加量、臭氧加量、反应时间、pH等条件进行了优化,得出了压裂废液处理最佳工艺条件;处理后水质达到GB 8979-1996二级指标。