Analysis of China’s carbon emission driving factors based on the perspective of eight major economic regions

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Low-carbon transition has gradually become the focus of research on environmental issues. This paper takes China’s eight major economic regions...     

Cadmium tolerance in six poplar species

Selection of poplar species with greater Cd tolerance and exploiting the physiological mechanisms involved in Cd tolerance are crucial for application of these species to phyto-remediation. The aim of this study is to investigate variation in Cd tolerance among the six poplar species and its underlying physiological mechanisms. Cuttings of six Populus species were cultivated for 10 weeks before exposure to either 0 or 200 μM CdSO₄ for 20 days. Gas exchange in mature leaves was determined by a portable photosynthesis system. Cd concentrations in tissues were analyzed by a flame atomic absorbance spectrometry. Subsequently, Cd amount per plant, bio-concentration factor (BCF) and translocation factor (T _f) were calculated. Nonenzymatic compounds and activities of antioxidative enzymes in tissues were analyzed spectrophotometrically. Cd exposure caused decline in photosynthesis in four poplar species including Populus cathayana (zhonghua 1). Among the six species, P. cathayana (zhonghua 1) displayed the highest Cd concentrations in tissues, the largest Cd amount in aerial parts, the highest BCF in aerial parts and T _f under Cd exposure. Under Cd stress, increases in total soluble sugars in roots but decreases in starch in roots, wood, and leaves of P. cathayana (zhonghua 1) were found. Induced O ₂ ^?? and H₂O₂ production in roots and leaves, and increases in free proline, soluble phenolics, and activities of antioxidative enzymes were observed in P. cathayana (zhonghua 1). Based on results of this pot experiment, it is concluded that P. cathayana (zhonghua 1) is superior to other five species for Cd phyto-remediation, and its well-coordinated physiological changes under Cd exposure confer the great Cd tolerance of this species.     

Degradation of chlorpyrifos in laboratory soil and its impact on soil microbial functional diversity

Degradation of chlorpyrifos at different concentrations in soil and its impact on soil microbial functional diversity were investigated under laboratory conditions. The degradation half-lives of chlorpyrifos at levels of 4, 8, and 12 mg/kg in soil were calculated to be 14.3, 16.7, and 18.0 d, respectively. The Biolog study showed that average well color development (AWCD) in soils was significantly (P < 0.05) inhibited by chlorpyrifos within the first two weeks and thereafter recovered to the similar level as the control. A similar variation in the diversity indices (Simpson index 1/D and McIntosh index U) in chlorpyrifos-treated soils was observed, no significant difference in the Shannon-Wiener index H' was found in these soils. With increasing chlorpyrifos concentration, the half-lives of chlorpyrifos were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) extended and its inhibitory effects on soil microorganisms were aggravated. It is concluded that chlorpyrifos residues in soil had a temporary or short-term inhibitory effect on soil microbial functional diversity.     

细菌在环境污染物毒性检测中的应用

介绍了一些利用细菌作为指示生物监测化学物质毒性的方法,诸如：细菌生化毒理学方法,细菌生长,呼吸抑制实验,细胞发光微毒测定,微热测量以及致突变物检测技术等。     

Delftia sp.T3-6菌株及其粗酶液对2’，6’-甲乙基-2-氯乙酰苯胺的降解

研究了Delftia sp.T3-6菌株对2',6'-甲乙基-2-氯乙酰苯胺(CMEPA)的降解特性,以及该菌株胞内酶对CMEPA的酶促特性.结果表明,菌株T3-6对CMEPA有很好的降解性能.反应12 h内,随着CMEPA浓度的增加,反应速度加快;当CMEPA浓度达到500 mg·L-1时,菌体的降解活性受到一定程度的抑制;在菌体接种量为0.5%~5%的范围内,接种量越大,CMEPA的降解转化速率越快.菌株T3-6降解CMEPA的最适温度为30℃,且其在pH 7~10的范围内对500 mg·L-1CMEPA的降解率均可达50%以上.T3-6菌株对CMEPA降解起催化作用的活性酶为胞内酶,该酶的最适反应温度和pH分别为25℃和8.0;该酶的温度稳定性较差,需在20℃以下贮存;但其在4℃下,pH 6~9的缓冲液中均可保持很好的稳定性.     

制浆厂污泥制备活性炭吸附剂

以制浆厂污泥为原料,采用ZnCl2法、H2SO4法和KOH法3种化学活化法制备活性炭吸附剂,并对产物吸附苯酚性能的影响因素进行比较分析.结果表明,采用ZnCl2法和H2SO4法制备的活性炭吸附剂的效果明显优于KOH法,ZnCl2法为最佳制备方法,在其最佳制备条件下(ZnCl2浓度3 mol/L,活化温度800℃,活化时间30 min,升温速率20℃/min)制得的活性炭比表面积可达到500.98 m2/g,得率为46.9％,对苯酚的去除率为70.4％.采用ZnCl2法和H2SO4法在最佳制备条件下可以制备孔径分布较宽,中孔结构发达的活性炭.     

一种抗菌生物防护口罩的研制

具有抗菌功能的生物防护口罩对于预防呼吸道传染病的流行、保护人员健康具有重要的意义。本文采用化学键结合的方法将生物抗菌剂ε-聚赖氨酸(ε-PL)固定在聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)非织造布上并与其它过滤材料复合,采用密合拱型结构设计研制出一种具有抗菌功能的生物防护口罩。实验结果表明,该口罩对菌悬液和微生物气溶胶的抗菌率分别为99.99%和81.9%,且抗菌性能稳定;对颗粒气溶胶和微生物气溶胶的过滤效率分别为99.32%和99.99%,在满足GB19083的基础上具有优良的生物防护性能。     

正压生物防护服研究进展

正压生物防护服是针对高危生物污染环境作业人员防护而研制的一类个体防护装备。本文从防护服材料、正压形成与保持、微环境、人体工效学等方面出发,综述了正压生物防护服关键技术研究的成果与不足。提出以功能通用化、监控自动化、使用信息化、研制规范化为特点的正压防护服是未来发展的趋势。     

钙硫比对烧结烟气循环流化床脱硫效率的影响

对不同钙硫比条件下烧结烟气循环流化床脱硫效率进行了研究,研究结果表明:在循环流化床脱硫系统中,保持烟气流量、循环物料量、喷水量、进出口烟气温度、入口SO2浓度等参数不变的条件下,提高钙硫比在短时间内并不能明显提高脱硫效率,其影响脱硫效率是通过钙硫比的改变实现循环物料量成分的变化,使循环物料量中有效吸收剂的比例增加,从而实现脱硫效率的提高。     

常见的接地故障电气火灾隐患及其防范

阐述了接地故障电气火灾的形成原理和特点,结合工厂企业配电系统的实际情况,列举了接地故障电气火灾的隐患所在,并提出了预防措施。