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利用南京与北京地区2014年5月1日—2019年10月31日的PM2.5监测数据、气溶胶光学厚度观测资料以及同期MICAPS地面气象要素的观测资料,对两地PM2.5浓度的变化规律及其与气溶胶光学厚度、气象要素的关系进行了分析和讨论,结果表明:南京与北京均呈现PM2.5浓度冬季显著高于夏季,AOD冬季小于夏季的特征;对比而言,北京PM2.5月均浓度高于南京地区;南京与北京的PM2.5浓度与AOD均为正相关关系,PM2.5浓度与AOD间相关性存在显著的季节差异,主要表现为夏季相关性大于冬季相关性;两地AOD与PM2.5浓度均为正相关关系,在同一AOD水平下,相对湿度越大,PM2.5浓度越大,气溶胶吸湿增长易造成污染物积累;南京PM2.5浓度与能见度的r为0.57,而北京的r为0.83,两地的PM2.5浓度与能见度的冬季相关性较夏季好,在高相对湿度下,同一PM2.5浓度水平时,南京能见度较北京好. 相似文献
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利用气溶胶化学气相沉积的方式转化废弃菜籽油制备炭黑。以氮气为载气,将液体废油预先转化成气溶胶颗粒输送至高温管式炉,在 800 ℃ 的条件下进行热分解,形成基于废油的炭黑。产物的形貌、组分和结构采用光学显微镜,拉曼光谱, SEM 和 XPS 等方式进行表征。结果显示,炭黑表面呈阶梯片状叠加结构,而拉曼谱上出现强烈的 D 峰、G 峰及 G' 峰(其中 ID/IG=1.09 )。根据能谱 C1S 峰显示,炭黑表面化学键主要由 sp2 CC,sp3 C—C,C—OH 和 OC—O— 组成,其中 sp2 占据 88.5%。对比分析原始单晶硅基和负载炭黑表面的润湿性,显示负载炭黑后的硅表面疏水性大幅度提高,与水的接触角从 66.4°增长到 141°,呈现超级疏水性;而油在硅基和炭黑表面的接触角分别为 21.2°和<4°。 相似文献
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重金属和有机物复合污染是水处理中的难题。本研究发现一株白腐真菌Ganoderma Sinensis不仅可以通过富集作用去除重金属镉(Cd),而且对蒽具有降解能力。当Cd的浓度为10~30 mg/L时,该菌株对Cd的去除率为6.78%~21.9%;当蒽的浓度为10~30 mg/L时,菌株对蒽的降解率为18.25%~33.3%;当Cd和蒽同时存在于培养基中时,随着Cd浓度的增加(10~30 mg/L),对菌株的生物量及蒽降解的抑制作用也在增大;而随着蒽浓度的增加(10~30 mg/L),菌株的生物量及Cd的富集能力并未受到显著的影响。实验结果表明,该菌株有望用于镉和蒽复合污染的水体处理。 相似文献
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Pei Li Jinyuan Xin Yuesi Wang Shigong Wang Guoxing Li Xiaochuan Pan Zirui Liu Lili Wang 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(9):6433-6444
Recent epidemiological and toxicological studies have shown associations between particulate matter and human health. However, the estimates of adverse health effects are inconsistent across many countries and areas. The stratification and interaction models were employed within the context of the generalized additive Poisson regression equation to examine the acute effects of fine particles on respiratory health and to explore the possible joint modification of temperature, humidity, and season in Beijing, China, for the period 2004–2009. The results revealed that the respiratory health damage threshold of the PM2.5 concentration was mainly within the range of 20–60 μg/m3, and the adverse effect of excessively high PM2.5 concentration maintained a stable level. In the most serious case, an increase of 10 μg/m3 PM2.5 results in an elevation of 4.60 % (95 % CI 3.84–4.60 %) and 4.48 % (95 % CI 3.53–5.41 %) with a lag of 3 days, values far higher than the average level of 0.69 % (95 % CI 0.54–0.85 %) and 1.32 % (95 % CI 1.02–1.61 %) for respiratory mortality and morbidity, respectively. There were strong seasonal patterns of adverse effects with the seasonal variation of temperature and humidity. The growth rates of respiratory mortality and morbidity were highest in winter. And, they increased 1.4 and 1.8 times in winter, greater than in the full year as PM2.5 increased 10 μg/m3. 相似文献
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拟采用正交实验的方法复配一种有机阻垢分散剂,通过实验方法制备出药剂,在同等温度、pH等条件下,测得对Ca^2+的去除性能。实验表明,在制备条件下,水杨酸钠、单宁、木质素磺酸钠的质量比分别为45%、30%和35%时,去除效果较好。 相似文献