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2.
活性污泥TB-EPS的絮凝特性研究:絮体的成长、破碎与再凝聚 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
为了解活性污泥中紧密结合胞外聚合物(tightly bound extracellular polymeric substances,TB-EPS)的絮凝特性,采用激光粒度仪在线监测技术考察了TB-EPS与高岭土生成絮体的过程以及絮体的破碎与再凝聚规律.结果表明,TB-EPS的主要组分为蛋白质和多糖聚合物,增加TB-EPS的投加量,絮体的粒径相应增大,悬浊液的剩余浊度降低.随着絮体破碎-再凝聚次数的增加,絮体的破碎因子升高而恢复因子降低,表明TB-EPS形成的絮体的强度逐渐降低,同时再凝聚的能力也逐渐降低.TB-EPS吸附高岭土的主要作用力为氢键作用,但在絮体形成过程中多糖聚合物之间的纠缠作用和蛋白质成分之间的疏水作用也可能发挥一定的作用.絮体的破碎是侵蚀和破裂同时作用的结果. 相似文献
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采用化肥驱动正渗透(fertilizer driven forward osmosis, FDFO)工艺处理生活污水,不仅有效降低受纳环境风险或减少水体污染,同时经稀释后的化肥汲取液可直接用于周边农田灌溉,实现了生活污水处理与农田灌溉水肥一体化协同效应,具有良好的应用前景。目前,FDFO处理生活污水处于实验室小试和部分现场中试验证阶段,规模化应用的关键核心在于高效正渗透膜的开发、膜装置设计的改进、膜表面水力学参数的优化及膜污染缓解技术水平的提升。文章综述了近10年FDFO工艺在处理生活污水中的应用,重点阐述了FDFO工艺的膜装置类型与工艺流程、评价指标及其影响因素等3方面,并展望了未来FDFO工艺规模化处理生活污水面临的挑战,以期推动FDFO工艺在处理污水领域的应用。 相似文献
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For the removal of phosphate (PO43 -) from water, an adsorbent was prepared via carbonization of sewage sludge from a wastewater treatment plant: carbonized sludge adsorbent (CSA). The mechanism of phosphate removal was determined after studying the structure and chemical properties of the CSA and its influence on phosphate removal. The results demonstrate that phosphate adsorption by the CSA can be fitted with the pseudo second-order kinetics and Langmuir isotherm models, indicating that the adsorption is single molecular layer adsorption dominated by chemical reaction. The active sites binding phosphate on the surface are composed of mineral particles containing Si/Ca/Al/Fe. The mineral containing Ca, calcite, is the main factor responsible for phosphate removal. The phosphate removal mechanism is a complex process including crystallization via the interaction between Ca2 + and PO43 -; formation of precipitates of Ca2 +, Al3 +, and PO43 -; and adsorption of PO43 - on some recalcitrant oxides composed of Si/Al/Fe. 相似文献
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Low-cost, easy-maintenance and high-e ciency decentralized wastewater treatment technologies are urgently needed in rural areas
of China. Processes with high potential for phosphorus removal are of great interest. However, commonly used treatment methods often
do not meet the strict criteria for removing phosphorus from rural wastewater. In order to search an economic and simple technology
for phosphorus removal from the common bio-technologies e uent, seven soil types collected from di erent rural areas in China were
investigated for their ability to remove phosphorus. X-ray di raction (XRD) was used to analyse the mineral structure, and inductively
coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES) was used to analyse the geochemical composition of the soil samples. Three
primary minerals – quartz, albite and montmorillonite – were clearly detected. The samples were divided into two soil types, acidic
soils and alkaline soils, based on their pH values. The geochemical composition study indicated that a higher percentage of Ca and Mg
occurred in alkaline soils (pH > 8) than in acidic soils (pH < 6.5). Adsorption isotherms from batch experiments fitted the Langmuir
and Freundlich models well, the maximum P adsorption capacities ranged from 0.256 to 1.598 mg P/g, indicating a high phosphorus
removal potential for all of these soils. The P fractions extracted revealed that the sum of NaOH-extracted inorganic P (NaOH-Pi) was
the major P component in the acidic soils, and CaCO3-bound phosphorus (Ca-P) in the alkaline soils. Dynamic adsorption simulation
showed that these soils have the ability to remove phosphorus from wastewater. 相似文献
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基于全隧道方案的渤海海峡跨海通道工程环境影响研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
渤海海峡跨海通道是疏通中国干线交通网战略布局中的咽喉工程,因工程规模浩大,其环境影响广泛而深远.简要回顾了工程建设方案的筛选进程及“深埋式全隧道”方案的环境优势;建议工程环境影响评价采用“协作型”环境影响评价模式,以合作和协调克服各方之间的分歧和矛盾;初步探讨了工程前期调研的主要内容;识别分析了通道工程对近岸海域、出入口城市的主要环境影响.结果表明:与其他方案相比,深埋式全隧道方案对自然人文景观、海洋生态环境、海洋资源开发利用等的影响是最小的,并提出了消除或减缓不良环境影响的对策措施,为通道工程的立项决策提供科学依据. 相似文献