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施肥与设施栽培措施对土壤微生物区系的影响 总被引:19,自引:1,他引:19
微生物肥料的施用能显著增加土壤中放线菌的数量,而降低细菌和霉菌的数量;施用有机肥对土壤微生物有较大的影响,其中,有机肥与无机肥,有机肥与生物肥配合施用的影响尤为明显,与对照相比,土壤中细菌数量分别增加109.8%和405.0%,放线菌数量分别增加320.3%和215.0%,而真菌数量分别降低44.0%和47.2%。大棚栽培条件下土壤微生物数量高于露地;在大棚中,种植年限长的土壤微生物数量低于种植年限短的。 相似文献
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随着城市轨道交通的迅猛发展,大量建筑设施不可避免地受到周边铁路或地铁列车振动的影响。基于并行计算集群平台,建立了车辆-轨道-高架桥-基础-地基-建筑物耦合的大型三维有限元分析模型,得到了不同工况下列车运行引起地表及临近建筑结构的振动特征。主要结论如下:不同高度的建筑物在同一楼层的振级相差极小;随着车速的提高,建筑物各楼层的振级均呈逐渐增大趋势;此外,各楼层的振级随建筑物距高架桥距离的增大而逐渐减小。一般高度的建筑物各楼层的振级基本沿高度单调增加,顶层振级最大,而高层建筑物却有明显的拐点,在中间某层出现最大振级。建筑物各层楼板的竖直向振动峰值速度远大于水平向振动峰值。 相似文献
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蔬菜土壤微生物种群数量与土壤重金属含量的关系 总被引:7,自引:2,他引:7
对呈贡县蔬菜土壤微生物种群数量和土壤重金属质量分数进行大田调查分析,结果表明,土壤微生物种群数量和微生物多样性指数变化较大,土壤微生物种群数量总体水平较高,但微生物多样性指数偏低,其中以细菌占较大的优势;土壤重金属对土壤微生物数量和微生物多样性均有一定的影响,其中土壤中Pb和Cu的质量分数与土壤微生物种群数量显著相关;土壤重金属综合污染指数与真菌/细菌个数比例、真菌/放线菌个数比例与微生物多样性指数均呈显著的指数相关。随着重金属综合污染指数的增加,微生物多样性指数呈指数式地迅速下降。 相似文献
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根系分泌物及其在植物营养中的作用 总被引:28,自引:3,他引:28
论述了根系分泌物的种类和影响因素,根系分泌物在植物营养中的调节作用、异种克生作用,根系分泌物与根际微生物的相互作用。在铁胁迫条件下,许多高等植物都能产生一系列生理和形态方面的适应性反应,禾本科植物通过根际特定分泌物——麦根酸类物质来自动调节其体内的铁营养状况;在磷胁迫条件下,根系分泌的低分子有机酸种类主要有柠檬酸、草酸、酒石酸和苹果酸,它们在植物根际的富集能明显促进土壤中磷的释放,提高作物对磷的吸收,缓解植物的磷胁迫;在锌胁迫条件下,双子叶植物的根系分泌物对锌的活化作用不明显,而禾本科植物的根系分泌物可以活化石灰性土壤中难溶性锌。 相似文献
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Risk assessment and monitoring of dinotefuran and its metabolites for Chinese consumption of apples 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Weiwei Yu Min Huang Jiaojiao Chen Sizhuo Wu Kunming Zheng Song Zeng Kankan Zhang Deyu Hu 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2017,189(10):521
Residues of dinotefuran and its metabolites, 1-methyl-3-(tetrahydro-3-furylmethyl)urea (UF) and 1-methyl-3-(tetrahydro-3-furylmethyl)guanidine (DN), in apple were investigated using a “QuEChERS” (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, safe) pretreatment and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Limits of detection (LODs) and quantification (LOQs) of dinotefuran, UF, and DN in apples were 0.011–0.960 and 0.037–3.200 μg/kg, respectively. The average recoveries of dinotefuran, UF, and DN in apple ranged from 70.0 to 83.6% with relative standard deviations less than 13%. A formulation of 20% water-dispersible dinotefuran granules was sprayed at 1–1.5-fold the recommended dose 3–4 times on apple trees. Total terminal residues of dinotefuran in apple were less than 2 mg/kg, which is the maximum residue limit (MRL) set by Japan. When following the recommended application guidelines, dinotefuran is unlikely to present significant health concerns to the Chinese population because the risk quotient (RQ) is less than 100%. This work could provide guidance for the safe use of dinotefuran and serve as a reference for the establishment of a maximum residue limit of dinotefuran in apple in China. 相似文献
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Huang Kunming Fu Xiaofeng Chen Changjie 《中国人口.资源与环境(英文版)》2007,5(3):57-62
Currently, the progress of science and technology has become a key factor in promoting economic development. And the backwardness of science and technology at the grassroots level has undoubtedly restricted the process of China's construction of socialist new countryside. Taking socio-economy and the development of science and technology in Jiaxing as a breakthrough point, and based on the related data of Jiaxing during 1998-2004, this paper analyzes thoroughly the interactive relationship between socio-economy and the development of science and technology. This paper strives to summarize the development track and model of the grassroots work of science and technology so as to provide local governments with references and grounds for drawing up policies for the local work of science and technology. 相似文献