排序方式: 共有22条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
2.
Substantial improvements in residential energy efficiency are required if the UK is to meet its target of reducing CO 2 emissions by 20% between 1990 and 2010. The Home Energy Conservation Act 1995 (HECA) devolves much of the responsibility for this to local authorities, by requiring them to draw up strategies to increase energy efficiency in this sector by 30% in the next 10-15 years. While many authorities have responded positively to the Act, others are struggling, and 25% of HECA reports initially failed to meet the Act's statutory obligations. The Association for the Conservation of Energy (ACE) conducted research to identify barriers faced by local authorities in implementing HECA. They were found to include officers' lack of experience, their lack of time and a lack of support from elected members. Action must be taken to ensure that HECA achieves its potential. The authors suggest that the Act needs to be adequately supported by central legislation, and that devolution of responsibility must be accompanied by some devolution of finances. The authors also recommend that the Act could be used as an example for international replication. 相似文献
3.
Substantial improvements in residential energy efficiency are required if the UK is to meet its target of reducing CO 2 emissions by 20% between 1990 and 2010. The Home Energy Conservation Act 1995 (HECA) devolves much of the responsibility for this to local authorities, by requiring them to draw up strategies to increase energy efficiency in this sector by 30% in the next 10-15 years. While many authorities have responded positively to the Act, others are struggling, and 25% of HECA reports initially failed to meet the Act's statutory obligations. The Association for the Conservation of Energy (ACE) conducted research to identify barriers faced by local authorities in implementing HECA. They were found to include officers' lack of experience, their lack of time and a lack of support from elected members. Action must be taken to ensure that HECA achieves its potential. The authors suggest that the Act needs to be adequately supported by central legislation, and that devolution of responsibility must be accompanied by some devolution of finances. The authors also recommend that the Act could be used as an example for international replication. 相似文献
4.
John T. Wilson Gary D. Miller William C. Ghiorse Franklin R. Leach 《Journal of contaminant hydrology》1986,1(1-2)
The rate of biotransformation of toluene in unconsolidated subsurface material from sites at Lula, Oklahoma, and Conroe, Texas, was compared to the ATP (adenosine triphosphate) content of these materials. The rate of toluene degradation decreased with decreasing ATP content. When ATP contents were at or less than 0.05 ng g−1, biotransformation of toluene could not be detected (less than 1% of the initial concentration was degraded per week). At intermediate concentrations of ATP, 0.37 and 0.16 ngvg−1, the rates of toluene degradation were 18 ± 4.5% and 25 ± 10% of the initial concentration per week. At ATP concentrations above 1 ng g−1, the rates of toluene degradation exceeded 90% of the initial concentration per week. There was no simple relationship between ATP content and chlorobenzene degradation. Subsurface material that had been exposed to creosote wastes, and which degraded toluene rapidly, also degraded benzene, o-xylene, and m-xylene. 相似文献
5.
Progress in renewable energy 总被引:43,自引:0,他引:43
This paper provides an overview of some of the key technological and market developments for leading renewable energy technologies--wind, wave and tidal, photovoltaics (PV) and biomass energy. Market growth, innovation and policy are closely interrelated in the development of renewables and the key issues in each area are explored for each of the main types of renewable energy technology. This enables the prospects for future development and cost reduction to be considered in detail. Key issues for policy are outlined. 相似文献
6.
Shore RF Boyd IL Leach DV Stebbings RE Myhill DG 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》1990,64(2):179-188
In Britain, many species of bat regularly use buildings as roosts. DDT, DDE, dieldrin (HEOD) and gamma-HCH (lindane) have been detected in carcasses of bats that had died a short while before they were found. Roof timbers may be a source of this contamination. This study reports concentrations of organochlorines in (i) roof timbers known to have been treated in the past (spot samples; n - 17) and (ii) timbers before and after treatment with commercial permethrin formulations (pre-treatment and post-treatment samples, n = 11). Gamma-HCH was detected in 13 spot samples and HEOD in 6. Where present, mean (+/-1 SE) concentrations in wood were 15.6+/-6.5 microg g-1 WW (n = 13) and 25.0+/-11.8 microg g-1 WW (n = 6), respectively. DDT was not detected in any spot samples, but permethrin was detected in four (1264+/-567 microg g(-1) WW) samples, but not in the corresponding pre-treatment samples; in one other pair of samples, concentrations of gamma-HCH increased from 74 to 2468 microg g-1 WW after treatment. Both DDT and HEOD occurred in low (<2 microg g-1 WW) concentrations in five post-treatment samples and in one and zero pre-treatment samples, respectively; the highest dieldrin concentration measured was 30.9 microg g-1 WW. Permethrin was not detectable in any pre-treatment samples but was present in ten post-treatment samples in concentrations ranging from 93 to 2995 microg g-1 WW. The spot results suggest that low concentrations of organochlorines can persist in treated roof timbers for at least 13 years post-treatment. Occasionally, these pesticide residues in timber may be of sufficient magnitude to result in bats absorbing a substantial proportion of a lethal dose. Results also suggest that there is organochlorine contamination of permethrin formulations and that the solvents used in new applications of pesticide may re-mobilise organochlorines already present in wood. 相似文献
7.
Ujjayant Chakravorty Andrew Leach Michel Moreaux 《Journal of Environmental Economics and Management》2011,61(3):281-296
In this paper, we show that the potential for endogenous technological change in alternative energy sources may alter the behaviour of resource-owning firms. When technological progress in an alternative energy source can occur through learning-by-doing, resource owners face competing incentives to extract rents from the resource and to prevent expansion of the new technology. We show that in such a context, it is not necessarily the case that scarcity-driven higher traditional energy prices over time will induce alternative energy supply as resources are exhausted. Rather, we show that as we increase the learning potential in the substitute technology, lower equilibrium energy prices prevail and there may be increased resource extraction and greenhouse gas emissions. We show that the effectiveness and the incidence of emissions reduction policies may be altered by increased potential for technological change. Our results suggest that treating finite resource rents as endogenous consequences of both technological progress and policy changes will be important for the accurate assessment of climate change policy. 相似文献
8.
The radon and radon daughter concentration-in-air from natural background are assessed along with the micrometeorology and synoptic weather systems in an arid region of Australia. The radon daughter contribution to population dose is biased towards the frequency of nocturnal inversions. Classical atmospheric models are not applicable during stable atmospheric conditions in inland Australia. An atmospheric Box Model is used along with measured data from tethersonde profiles in predicting radon/radon daughter concentration-in-air. Predicted and measured concentrations are compared for spatial and temporal variations. 相似文献
9.
Sperm characteristics associated with different male reproductive tactics in bluegills (Lepomis macrochirus) 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
We examined the availability and motility of sperm from parental and sneaker male bluegills (Lepomis macrochirus), a colonially nesting sunfish (Family Centrarchidae) with male parental care and a high incidence of cuckoldry by both sneaker
and satellite males. We found no differences between sneakers and parentals in length and swimming speed of sperm, or percent
and duration of sperm activity. In sneaker milt, however, sperm was almost 50% more concentrated than in parental milt (16.5×106 vs 11.5×106 sperm/μl of milt, respectively). Despite this difference in sperm concentration, stripped ejaculates from sneakers contained
almost 400 million fewer sperm (only 32% as many sperm) than those from parentals due to their much smaller stripped ejaculate
volumes (only about 19% that of parentals). Thus unless sneakers can compensate by releasing more sperm or gaining closer
proximity to eggs at the time of spawning, they may be at a disadvantage with respect to sperm competition. We discuss these
results in relation to models for the evolution of alternative reproductive behaviours in this species and suggest that the
cuckolders may be making the best of a bad situation.
Received: 18 February 2000 / Revised: 23 March 2000 / Accepted: 14 September 2000 相似文献
10.
Paul D. Jensen Lauren BassonEmma E. Hellawell Malcolm R. Bailey Matthew Leach 《Resources, Conservation and Recycling》2011,55(7):703-712
Geographic proximity is said to be a key characteristic of the resource reuse and recycling practice known as industrial symbiosis. To date, however, proximity of symbiont companies has remained an abstract characteristic. By conducting a statistical analysis of synergies facilitated by the United Kingdom's National Industrial Symbiosis Programme during their first five years of operation, this article attempts to quantify geographic proximity and in the process provide practitioners with an insight into the movement trends of different waste streams. Among other it was found that the median distance materials travelled within a symbiotic relationship is 20.4 miles. It is argued that quantitative information of this form is of practical value for the effective deployment of industrial symbiosis practitioners and wider resource efficiency planning. The results and discussion presented within this article are specific to industrial symbiosis opportunities facilitated within the United Kingdom; the methodology and assessment of resource movement influences are, however, expected to be relevant to all countries in which industrial activity is similarly mature and diversified. 相似文献